Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer disease: The Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Study
Ganguli M, Chandra V, Kamboh MI, Johnston JM, Dodge HH, Thelma BK, Juyal RC, Pandav R et al.. Archives of neurology, 2000-06-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Background The APOE*E4 allele of the gene for apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been reported as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD) to varying degrees in different ethnic groups. Objective To compare APOE*E4-AD epidemiological associations in India and the United States in a cross-national epidemiological study. Design Case-control design within 2 cohort studies, using standardized cognitive screening and clinical evaluation to identify AD and other dementias and polymerase chain reaction to identify APOE genotyping. Participants Rural community samples, aged 55 years or older (n=4450) in Ballabgarh, India, and 70 years or older (n=886) in the Monongahela Valley region of southwestern Pennsylvania. Main outcome measures Criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association for probable and possible AD and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale for dementia staging. Results Frequency of APOE*E4 was significantly lower (P Conclusion This first report of APOE*E4 and AD from the Indian subcontinent shows very low prevalence of AD in Ballabgarh, India, but association of APOE*E4 with AD at similar strength in Indian and US samples. Arch Neurol. 2000.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Ganguli, M., Chandra, V., Kamboh, M. I., Johnston, J. M., Dodge, H. H., Thelma, B. K., et al. (2000). Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer disease: The Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Study. Archives of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.6.824
Vancouver
Ganguli M, Chandra V, Kamboh MI, Johnston JM, Dodge HH, Thelma BK, et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer disease: The Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Study. Archives of neurology. 2000. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.6.824. PMID: 10867779.
BibTeX
@article{ganguli2000-10867779,
author = {Ganguli, M. and Chandra, V. and Kamboh, M. I. and Johnston, J. M. and Dodge, H. H. and Thelma, B. K. and Juyal, R. C. and Pandav, R. and others},
title = {{Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer disease: The Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Study}},
journal = {Archives of neurology},
year = {2000},
doi = {10.1001/archneur.57.6.824},
pmid = {10867779},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.6.824}
}
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Key findings
- Results Frequency of APOE*E4 was significantly lower (P Conclusion This first report of APOE*E4 and AD from the Indian subcontinent shows very low prevalence of AD in Ballabgarh, India, but association of APOE*E4 with AD at similar strength in Indian and US samples.
Why it matters
This cross-national study found that the APOE*E4 allele was associated with Alzheimer disease at similar strength in Indian and US samples, though Alzheimer's prevalence was very low in the Indian site. It describes a risk association and offers no treatment, cure or prevention.
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Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants4,450
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 68/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a randomised controlled trial. Scored zero for effect reported because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Archives of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Archives of Neurology: journal h-index 353 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 11 / 12 | A randomised controlled trial (from PubMed type “Randomized Controlled Trial”) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2000 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 4,450 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 1 / 2 | Randomised (as stated in the record) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 337 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 12.0 citations a year over 28 year(s) since 2000 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 5.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 13 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 22 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Steven T. DeKosky: h-index 132 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Pittsburgh: institution h-index 1,470 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 10867779) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 68 / 100 | — |
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