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Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: a case-control study
Savica R, Grossardt BR, Carlin JM, Icen M, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE, Maraganore DM, Steensma DP et al.. Neurology, 2009-10-01
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
Objective It has been suggested that anemia may be a risk factor for dementia, for restless legs syndrome, and for Parkinson disease (PD). Thus, we investigated the association of anemia with the subsequent risk of PD using a case-control study design. Methods We used the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify 196 subjects who developed PD in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1976 through 1995. Each incident case was matched by age (+/-1 year) and sex to a general population control. We reviewed the complete medical records of cases and controls in the system to detect anemia defined using the World Health Organization criteria. Results Anemia was more common in the history of cases than of controls (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.31-3.06, p = 0.001). The association remained significant after adjustment for cigarette smoking, exposure to pesticides, or hysterectomy (in women). The association was not significantly different between men and women, or between PD patients with or without rest tremor. Analyses stratified by time of onset of anemia showed a greater association for anemia that started 20 to 29 years before the onset of PD. Hemoglobin levels were slightly but consistently lower in cases than in controls across all ages. Conclusions Our results support an association between anemia experienced early in life and the later development of Parkinson disease. The interpretation of this association remains uncertain.
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APA 7th
Savica, R., Grossardt, B. R., Carlin, J. M., Icen, M., Bower, J. H., Ahlskog, J. E., et al. (2009). Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: a case-control study. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bd80c1
Vancouver
Savica R, Grossardt BR, Carlin JM, Icen M, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE, et al. Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: a case-control study. Neurology. 2009. doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bd80c1. PMID: 19858460.
BibTeX
@article{savica2009-19858460,
author = {Savica, R. and Grossardt, B. R. and Carlin, J. M. and Icen, M. and Bower, J. H. and Ahlskog, J. E. and Maraganore, D. M. and Steensma, D. P. and others},
title = {{Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: a case-control study}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bd80c1},
pmid = {19858460},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bd80c1}
}
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Key findings
- Objective It has been suggested that anemia may be a risk factor for dementia, for restless legs syndrome, and for Parkinson disease (PD).
- Results Anemia was more common in the history of cases than of controls (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.31-3.06, p = 0.001).
- The association remained significant after adjustment for cigarette smoking, exposure to pesticides, or hysterectomy (in women).
- The association was not significantly different between men and women, or between PD patients with or without rest tremor.
- Conclusions Our results support an association between anemia experienced early in life and the later development of Parkinson disease.
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Study details
- Study designcase-control study
- Participants196
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 62/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a case-control study. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 36 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 62 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 6 / 12 | A case-control study |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2009 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 196 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19858460) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 36 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 36 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 62 out of 100. |
| Total | 62 / 100 | — |
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