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Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean
Nathália Villa Dos Santos, Victor Yuji Yariwake, Karina do Valle Marques, Mariana Matera Veras, Laís Fajersztajn. Frontiers in neurology, 2021-07-22
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
The risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rises with increasing age and polluted air. Currently, at least 172 million people breathe unhealthy levels of air pollution in LAC countries. Several cohort studies have indicated that air pollution increases the risk of developing dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the association are still not clear. Air pollution causes and aggravates five established risk factors for dementia (obesity, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases) and is linked to three other risk factors (physical inactivity, cognitive inactivity, and depression). Some of these risk factors could be mediating the association between air pollution and dementia. Reducing the risks for dementia is crucial and urgently needed in LAC countries. There is room for improving air quality in many urban areas in the LAC region and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a routealready explored by many urban areas in developing regions. Moreover, reducing air pollution has proved to improve health outcomes before. In this article, we propose that despite the ongoing and valid scientific discussion, if air pollution can or cannot directly affect the brain and cause or aggravate dementia, we are ready to consider air pollution as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia in LAC and possibly in other LMICs. We suggest that controlling and reducing current air pollution levels in LAC and other LMIC regions now could strongly contribute.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Dos Santos, N. V., Yariwake, V. Y., Marques, K. d. V., Veras, M. M., & Fajersztajn, L. (2021). Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean. Frontiers in neurology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.684524
Vancouver
Dos Santos NV, Yariwake VY, Marques KdV, Veras MM, Fajersztajn L. Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean. Frontiers in neurology. 2021. doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.684524. PMID: 34367051.
BibTeX
@article{dossantos2021-34367051,
author = {Dos Santos, Nathália Villa and Yariwake, Victor Yuji and Marques, Karina do Valle and Veras, Mariana Matera and Fajersztajn, Laís},
title = {{Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean}},
journal = {Frontiers in neurology},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2021.684524},
pmid = {34367051},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.684524}
}
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Key findings
- Several cohort studies have indicated that air pollution increases the risk of developing dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the association are still not clear.
- We suggest that controlling and reducing current air pollution levels in LAC and other LMIC regions now could strongly contribute.
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Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 57/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 32 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 57 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34367051) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 32 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 32 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 57 out of 100. |
| Total | 57 / 100 | — |
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