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A study of rivastigmine liposomes for delivery into the brain through intranasal route
Arumugam K, Subramanian GS, Mallayasamy SR, Averineni RK, Reddy MS, Udupa N.. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia), 2008-09-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Plain-language summary
The present study is mainly aimed at delivering a drug into the brain via the intranasal route using a liposomal formulation. For this purpose, rivastigmine, which is used in the management of Alzheimer's disease, was selected as a model drug. Conventional liposomes were formulated by the lipid layer hydration method using cholesterol and soya lecithin as lipid components. The concentration of rivastigmine in brain and plasma after intranasal liposomes, free drug and per oral administration was studied in rat models. A significantly higher level of drug was found in the brain with intranasal liposomes of rivastigmine compared to the intranasal free drug and the oral route. Intranasal liposomes had a longer half-life in the brain than intranasally or orally administered free drug. Delivering rivastigmine liposomes through the intranasal route for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease might be a new approach to the management of this condition.
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APA 7th
Arumugam, K., Subramanian, G. S., Mallayasamy, SR., Averineni, R. K., Reddy, M. S., & Udupa, N. (2008). A study of rivastigmine liposomes for delivery into the brain through intranasal route. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10007-008-0014-3
Vancouver
Arumugam K, Subramanian GS, Mallayasamy SR, Averineni RK, Reddy MS, Udupa N. A study of rivastigmine liposomes for delivery into the brain through intranasal route. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia). 2008. doi:10.2478/v10007-008-0014-3. PMID: 19103565.
BibTeX
@article{arumugam2008-19103565,
author = {Arumugam, K. and Subramanian, G. S. and Mallayasamy, SR. and Averineni, R. K. and Reddy, M. S. and Udupa, N.},
title = {{A study of rivastigmine liposomes for delivery into the brain through intranasal route}},
journal = {Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia)},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.2478/v10007-008-0014-3},
pmid = {19103565},
url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/v10007-008-0014-3}
}
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Key findings
- A significantly higher level of drug was found in the brain with intranasal liposomes of rivastigmine compared to the intranasal free drug and the oral route.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2008 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19103565) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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