Concentrations of amyloid-beta (Aβ)(42) in the CSF appeared to decline 25 years before expected symptom onset. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 128
Evidence: moderate
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74/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100.
·
Nature medicine
·
2019-01-21
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising fluid biomarker of disease progression for various cerebral proteopathies. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 187
Evidence: moderate
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72/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 72 out of 100.
·
JAMA Neurology
·
2025-11-01
Participants had a mean (SD) age of 66.9 (9.9) years; 971 (33.3%) were Aβ positive by either CSF or PET, 1667 (57.2%) were women, and 1108 (38.1%) carried at least 1 APOE ε4 allele. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 2,916
Evidence: high
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70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
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JAMA neurology
·
2022-03-01
This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 97
Evidence: moderate
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2023-05-01
Higher eGFR was associated with increased levels of plasma p-tau217, p-tau181, Tau212-221, and Tau181-190 in individuals with cognitive impairment (cohort 1: R range, -0.24 to -0.59; P Conclusions and relevance In this study, CKD was associated with increased plasma levels of soluble tau, but for p-tau217 the associations were considerably lower than the association with Aβ positivity. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 141
Evidence: moderate
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TREM2 is a transmembrane receptor that is predominantly expressed by microglia in the central nervous system. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 1,027
Evidence: moderate
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67/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2019-03-01
There were no racial differences in the frequency of cerebral ischemic lesions noted on results of brain magnetic resonance imaging, mean cortical standardized uptake value ratios for Pittsburgh compound B, or for amyloid-β42 concentrations in CSF. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 1,255
Evidence: moderate
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67/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100.
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Neurology
·
2005-03-01
Nondemented individuals exhibit a slow rate of whole-brain atrophy from early in adulthood with white-matter loss beginning in middle age; in older adults, the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer type is associated with a markedly accelerated atrophy rate. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 192
Evidence: moderate
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The heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases is a key confound to disease understanding and treatment development, as study cohorts typically include multiple phenotypes on distinct disease trajectories. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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67/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100.
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JAMA neurology
·
2013-05-01
Sleep and circadian problems are very common in Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 145
Evidence: moderate
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by a decline in cognitive functions with no validated disease modifying treatment. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: moderate
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The use of an amyloid clock enabled visualization and analysis of biomarker changes as a function of estimated years from symptom onset in sporadic AD. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 118
Evidence: moderate
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In DIAD, solanezumab was not associated with ARIA. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 52
Evidence: moderate
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We found that longitudinal changes in cognitive function measured by the cognitive composite decreased at low and high values of total sleep time (P < 0.001), time in non-REM (P < 0.001) and REM sleep (P < 0.001), sleep efficiency (P < 0.01) and <1 Hz and 1-4.5 Hz non-REM slow wave activity (P < 0.001) even after adjusting for age, CSF total tau/amyloid-β42 ratio, APOE ε4 carrier status, years of education and sex. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 100
Evidence: moderate
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64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
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JAMA neurology
·
2022-08-01
Among 300 participants with DS and a control group of 37 non-DS siblings, mean (SD) age was 45.0 (10.1) years, and 167 (49.6%) were men. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 300
Evidence: low
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Disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are likely to be most beneficial when initiated in the presymptomatic phase. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 567
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
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JAMA neurology
·
2025-09-01
Of 18 293 participants included in the parent study, scan images were available for 10 774 (59%), of which Centiloids were successfully calculated for 10 361 (96%). 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 294
Evidence: low
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
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JAMA Cardiology
·
2025-03-31
The study population consisted of 27 172 adults, including 4256 adults (14.0%) residing in rural areas, 14 741 (54.8%) in small or medium metropolitan areas, and 8175 (31.2%) in urban areas. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 172
Evidence: low
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A summary measure of γ-secretase activity (γ-secretase composite [GSC]) was calculated for each variant and compared with clinical history-derived AAO using correlation analyses. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 190
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Nature medicine
·
2026-03-31
Co-pathology is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases that complicates diagnosis, treatment and clinical management. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 17,187
Evidence: early
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2021-02-01
The data set included 18 178 patients, of which 10 991 (60.5%) had MCI and 7187 (39.5%) had dementia (mean [SD] age, 75.8 [6.3] years; 9333 women [51.3%]). 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 18
Evidence: low
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Due to trisomy of chromosome 21 and the resultant extra copy of the amyloid precursor protein gene, nearly all adults with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer's disease pathology by the age of 40 years and are at high risk for dementia given their increased life expectancy compared with adults with Down syndrome in the past. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 41
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
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JAMA psychiatry
·
2018-01-01
Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early event in Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 2,908
Evidence: low
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
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JAMA neurology
·
2018-05-01
Preclinical AD is associated with rest-activity rhythm fragmentation, independent of age or sex. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 205
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2016-05-01
Synaptic loss is an early pathologic substrate of Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 38
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 31,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.