These studies fundamentally deepen our understanding of AD progression and its underlying genetic basis, which in turn informs and improves clinical trial design. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2025-11-05
Sample 1 included 1656 participants (mean [range] age, 58.1 [29.7-85.6] years; 903 female [54.5%]), and sample 2 included 935 participants (mean [range] age, 67.6 [60.0-85.6] years; 518 female [55.4%]). 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,656
Evidence: moderate
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Classification resulted in 227 persons with prevalent dementia at entry into the study and 480 incident cases during follow-up. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 227
Evidence: moderate
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These findings add to the growing literature to suggest that the degree of functional impairment at baseline is an important predictor of conversion to dementia and may help explain differences in findings between epidemiological and clinic-based studies. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 28
Evidence: moderate
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MarkVCID2 enrolled 1883 individuals age 73.4 ± 7.5 years, 65.0% female, 24.2% Hispanic, and 27.1% non-Hispanic Black. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,883
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2009-10-21
Brain atrophy with aging was observed in supratentorial and infratentorial areas, as well in primary motor, sensory, and heteromodal association regions. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 33
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2015-11-01
(N = 382 at baseline) had a mean (SD) age of 75.5 (7.0) years; 61.8% were women; and 41.4% were white, 29.6% African American, 25.1% Hispanic, and 3.9% other race/ethnicity. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 382
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Stroke
·
2011-08-11
Baseline DBP and longitudinal increases in DBP were independently associated with a greater WMHV, and the association between DBP and WMHV was greatest among blacks. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,281
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
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NeuroImage
·
2009-04-01
Tensor-based morphometry can recover three-dimensional longitudinal brain changes over time by nonlinearly registering baseline to follow-up MRI scans of the same subject. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 20
Evidence: moderate
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Thirty percent of the cases had significant cerebrovascular parenchymal pathology scores (CVDPS), 54% had significant AD pathology, and 18% had HS. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
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Neurology
·
2012-07-18
Aging-associated WMHs evolve significantly over a 4-year period. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 150
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2021-08-02
New technology is convenient for measuring blood total tau concentrations and provides a unique and increased opportunity for early intervention to slow cognitive decline. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,159
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2025-09-15
-statistics 0.82-0.83). We found a significant association between all-cause dementia and multimarker CSVD scores, which was independent of the FSRP as well as its individual components. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,152
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2025-03-06
We included 147,986 participants (Chinese [n = 6,034], Filipino [n = 4,649], Japanese [n = 3,099], South Asian [n = 996], non-Latino White [n = 133,208]); the mean baseline age ranged from 69 to 72 years, and the percentage of female participants ranged from 40% to 63% across groups. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 6,034
Evidence: moderate
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
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Neurology
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2012-09-12
Increased WMHs are associated with aging, decreased glucose metabolism, and decline in executive function but do not affect AD-specific pathologic progression, suggesting that the vascular contribution to dementia is probably additive although not necessarily independent of the amyloid pathway. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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We sought to develop and evaluate a composite memory score from the neuropsychological battery used in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2025-03-03
These findings suggest that promoting CVH in older adults may help alleviate the burden of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly among Black adults, who are known to experience a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,018
Evidence: moderate
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A biological research framework to define Alzheimer' disease with dichotomized biomarker measurement was proposed by National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA). 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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Overall dementia prevalence was 4.8%. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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In later adulthood brain pathology becomes common and trajectories of cognitive change are heterogeneous. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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(n = 16,683) had an average age of 69.07 ± 7.34, 72.04% were female, and had an average of 16.66 ± 2.26 years of education. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 16,683
Evidence: moderate
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In these older adults, associations of risk factors with a given cause of death were related to specific deficits in that same organ system. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 5,888
Evidence: moderate
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57/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100.
·
NeuroImage
·
2009-07-14
Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) is a powerful method to map the 3D profile of brain degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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In Fine-Gray models, dementia risk was higher in female than in male participants (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1·89, 95% CI 1·30-2·76) and Black than Asian participants (sHR 1·75, 1·07-2·88), lower in APOE ε2 carriers than in non-carriers (sHR 0·39, 0·17-0·88), and not significantly higher in APOE ε4 carriers than in non-carriers (sHR 1·51, 0·92-2·47). 3 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 805
Evidence: moderate
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Despite differences in prevalence of APOE-ε4, its association with dementia risk was similar across Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and non-Latino White participants. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 46,325
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 32,180 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.