This study provides evidence for sex differences in the progression to cognitive impairment in PD, while specific cognitive features become more important indicators of progression with impending conversion to PDD. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 418
Evidence: moderate
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Among older Medicare beneficiaries, incident AF is common and has remained relatively stable for more than a decade. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 433,123
Evidence: moderate
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Previously published community- or population-based studies of brain aging and dementia with autopsy were restricted to a single sex, a single ethnic group, Roman Catholic clergy, or focused pathological assessments. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 221
Evidence: moderate
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The development of MCI is associated with measurements of cognition and depression, racial and constitutional factors, and cerebrovascular disease. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 927
Evidence: moderate
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66/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2016-10-01
GBA mutations (β = 4.65; 95% CI, 1.72-7.58; P = .002), E326K (β = 3.42; 95% CI, 0.66-6.17; P = .02), and GBA variants combined as a single group (β = 4.01; 95% CI, 1.95-6.07; P = 1.5 × 10-4) were associated with a more rapid decline in MDS-UPDRS III score. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 740
Evidence: moderate
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Female participants had a lower hazard of early-onset dementia compared with males (HR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61-0·80]). 4 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 544,442
Evidence: high
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Lipid-lowering medications (LLMs) and especially statin drugs can delay cognitive decline and dementia onset in individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: high
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During follow-up 319 participants developed dementia (221 had AD). 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 2,288
Evidence: moderate
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Our study has identified not only risk factors associated with functional decline but also the interactions among these factors. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Classification resulted in 227 persons with prevalent dementia at entry into the study and 480 incident cases during follow-up. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 227
Evidence: moderate
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64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Neuroepidemiology
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2003-01-01
The CHS has developed a methodology for longitudinal studies of dementia in large cohorts and represents the largest study of dementia including cognitive testing, MRI and genetic markers. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 5,888
Evidence: moderate
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64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2020-03-30
The sample included 47 100 Medicare beneficiaries (25 900 women [54.9%]; mean [SD] age, 72.2 [11.4] years). 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 47
Evidence: moderate
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MarkVCID2 enrolled 1883 individuals age 73.4 ± 7.5 years, 65.0% female, 24.2% Hispanic, and 27.1% non-Hispanic Black. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,883
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
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Neurology
·
2004-11-01
Employing time-dependent proportional hazards modeling, the authors found no significant association between statin use and incident dementia or probable AD. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 312
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
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2009-05-01
Higher baseline body mass index (BMI) and slower declining BMI in late life are associated with a reduced risk of dementia, suggesting that low BMI or a faster decline in BMI in late life may be preclinical indicators of an underlying dementing illness, especially for those who were initially overweight or obese. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2016-06-01
The use of AC medication was associated with increased brain atrophy and dysfunction and clinical decline. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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High BP accelerates gait slowing in well-functioning older adults over a long period of time, even for those who control their BP or develop hypertension later in life. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 2,733
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2023-07-01
This cohort study using pooled data from 6 cohort studies found that incident MI was not associated with a decrease in global cognition, memory, or executive function at the time of the event compared with no MI but was associated with faster declines in global cognition, memory, and executive function over time. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 30
Evidence: moderate
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A high percentage of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) develop clinical dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD) within 1 year. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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To better understand clinical and neuropathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathies, data were analyzed from autopsied research volunteers who were followed in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data set. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 495
Evidence: moderate
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While sex differences were not apparent at asymptomatic stages, females showed more rapid declines across all outcomes in symptomatic stages compared to males. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 337
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2014-07-01
Persons with severe CAA compared with those without CAA were more likely to carry an APOE ε4 allele (64.9% vs 42.8%, respectively; P Conclusions and relevance Being Hispanic and having had a transient ischemic attack-like episode were predictors of CAA in persons with AD. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 193
Evidence: moderate
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The neuropsychologic test battery from the Uniform Data Set (UDS) of the Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADC) program of the National Institute on Aging consists of brief measures of attention, processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, and language. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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Two hundred fifteen cases of dementia and 151 cases of AD were diagnosed. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body diseases (LBD), e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are common causes of geriatric cognitive impairments. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 389
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 31,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.