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Research

28,180 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 226–250 of 542 studies in Long-term cohort studies (page 10 of 22) · 28,180 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of the first 500 of these studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 13,658 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Long-term cohort studies” covers

Long-term cohort studies — Large groups of people followed for years, tracking who develops dementia and what came before it.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Outdoor physical activity, residential green spaces and the risk of dementia in the UK Biobank cohort

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Communications Medicine 2025-09-17

Outdoor activity is linked to lower dementia risk, particularly in those living in more accessible GS. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 187,724 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Chronic Widespread Pain: A Longitudinal Population-based Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Anesthesiology 2025-08-25

This study analyzed 13 yr of follow-up data from 188,594 participants to assess the relationship between CWP and cognitive outcomes, while exploring the mediating effects of brain structure and systemic inflammation. 5 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 500,000 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

10-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: a population-based study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. The lancet. Psychiatry 2016-04-29

Late-life depressive symptoms have been extensively studied for their relationship with incident dementia, but have been typically assessed at a single timepoint. 4 key findings →

Participants: 3,325 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of dementia. The Rotterdam study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Clinical endocrinology 2000-12-01

Thyroid status was measured at baseline (1990-93), through assessment of serum antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Abs, positive: >10 IU/ml), serum TSH levels, and when TSH was abnormal ( 4.0 mU/l), serum thyroxin levels (T4). 4 key findings →

Participants: 1,843 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Longitudinal change in CSF Tau and Aβ biomarkers for up to 48 months in ADNI

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica 2013-06-29

The dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and Aβ biomarkers over time in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from prodromal pre-symptomatic to severe stages of dementia have not been clearly defined and recent studies, most of which are cross-sectional, present conflicting findings. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2009-05-27

Greater fish and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake may reduce dementia risk; however, previous studies have reported conflicting results, which were largely based on short-term follow-up. 4 key findings →

Participants: 5,395 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Prediction of dementia risk in low-income and middle-income countries (the 10/66 Study): an independent external validation of existing models

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. The Lancet. Global health 2020-04-01

However, most people with dementia live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where dementia risk prediction research is almost non-existent and the ability of current models to predict dementia is unknown. 4 key findings →

Participants: 143 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Left lateralized cerebral glucose metabolism declines in amyloid-β positive persons with mild cognitive impairment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. NeuroImage. Clinical 2018-07-17

Previous publications indicate that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) related cortical atrophy may develop in asymmetric patterns, with accentuation of the left hemisphere. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Central adiposity and the overweight risk paradox in aging: follow-up of 130,473 UK Biobank participants

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2017-05-31

For older groups, being overweight [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ): 25 to Objective: This study aimed to estimate associations between combined measurements of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with mortality and incident coronary artery disease (CAD). 4 key findings →

Participants: 2,974 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related cognitive impairment-Part 2

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2011-01-01

This article focuses on the effects of operational differences in case ascertainment on estimates of prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment and/or dementia of the Alzheimer type. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Subjective complaints precede Parkinson disease: the rotterdam study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2006-01-09

Neuronal degeneration and dopamine loss in the preclinical phase of Parkinson disease may produce subtle complaints before clinically recognizable symptoms emerge. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 6,038 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of social isolation, loneliness and genetic risk with incidence of dementia: UK Biobank Cohort Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. BMJ open 2022-02-23

Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with increased risk of dementia, but it is not known whether this risk is modified or confounded by genetic risk of dementia. 4 key findings →

Participants: 70 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Brain size and the compensation of Alzheimer's disease symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2012-12-08

Greater intracranial volume (ICV) has been associated with less severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms at a given level of cerebral pathology. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 204 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Deep Learning-Based Classification and Voxel-Based Visualization of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2021-01-21

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have overlapping symptoms, and accurate differential diagnosis is important for targeted intervention and treatment. 4 key findings →

Participants: 4,099 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 28,180 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 28,180 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (61.7% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.1%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,034 records (3.7% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed