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Research

30,980 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–25 of 34 studies in Long-term cohort studies with an author at Johns Hopkins University (US) (page 1 of 2) · 30,980 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 34 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Other institutions

From OpenAlex; 16,452 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Long-term cohort studies” covers

Long-term cohort studies — Large groups of people followed for years, tracking who develops dementia and what came before it.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Plasma Neurofilament Light for Prediction of Disease Progression in Familial Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100. Neurology 2021-04-07

We tested the hypothesis that plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) identifies asymptomatic carriers of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-causing mutations at risk of disease progression. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 277 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Common Genetic Variation Indicates Separate Causes for Periventricular and Deep White Matter Hyperintensities

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 71 out of 100. Stroke 2020-06-10

Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMH; PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) are regional classifications of WMH and reflect proposed differences in cause. 4 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Participants: 26,654 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Utility of the global CDR® plus NACC FTLD rating and development of scoring rules: Data from the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Consortium

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2020-01-01

We created global rating scoring rules for the CDR ® plus NACC FTLD to detect and track early frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and to conduct clinical trials in FTLD. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 40 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Characterizing Heterogeneity in Neuroimaging, Cognition, Clinical Symptoms, and Genetics Among Patients With Late-Life Depression

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. JAMA psychiatry 2022-05-01

Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 996 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Genome-wide meta-analysis of homocysteine and methionine metabolism identifies five one carbon metabolism loci and a novel association of ALDH1L1 with ischemic stroke

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. PLoS genetics 2014-03-20

Circulating homocysteine levels (tHcy), a product of the folate one carbon metabolism pathway (FOCM) through the demethylation of methionine, are heritable and are associated with an increased risk of common diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and dementia. 4 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Participants: 2,710 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Sex differences in the association between major cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and dementia: a cohort study using data from the UK Biobank

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100. BMC medicine 2021-05-19

Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors for incident (fatal or non-fatal) all-cause dementia were assessed in the UK Biobank. 4 key findings →

Participants: 502,226 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Impact of differential attrition on the association of education with cognitive change over 20 years of follow-up: the ARIC neurocognitive study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. American journal of epidemiology 2014-03-13

Studies of long-term cognitive change should account for the potential effects of education on the outcome, since some studies have demonstrated an association of education with dementia risk. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 14,020 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease With Brain β-Amyloid Deposition: Secondary Analysis of the ARIC Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2020-03-01

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is an important cause of stroke and has also been recently identified as an important risk factor for all-cause dementia, but the mechanism of its association with cognitive performance is not fully understood. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 346 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of metformin, sulfonylurea and insulin use with brain structure and function and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Pooled analysis from 5 cohorts

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. PloS one 2019-02-15

Differences between users and non-users of insulin, metformin and sulfonylurea were assessed in each cohort for cognitive and brain MRI measures using linear regression models, and cognitive decline and dementia/AD risk using mixed effect models and Cox regression analyses, respectively. 4 key findings →

Participants: 3,590 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of orthostatic hypotension with incident dementia, stroke, and cognitive decline

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2018-07-25

We analyzed data from 11,709 participants without a history of coronary heart disease or stroke who attended the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 4 key findings →

Participants: 11,709 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and Time of Quitting with Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2019-11-01

Understanding how dementia risk is impacted by timing of smoking cessation has public health implications for prevention efforts. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 1,347 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

A nonsynonymous mutation in PLCG2 reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, and increases the likelihood of longevity

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica 2019-05-27

The genetic variant rs72824905-G (minor allele) in the PLCG2 gene was previously associated with a reduced Alzheimer's disease risk (AD). 4 key findings →

Participants: 53,627 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Plasma proteins, cognitive decline, and 20-year risk of dementia in the Whitehall II and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studies

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2021-08-02

Plasma proteins affect biological processes and are common drug targets but their role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias remains unclear. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Severe hypoglycaemia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and brain volumes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Diabetologia 2018-06-30

We aimed to evaluate the link between severe hypoglycaemia and domain-specific cognitive decline, smaller brain volumes and dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes, which so far has been relatively poorly characterised. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 580 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Intracranial atherosclerosis and dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Neurology 2017-03-22

From 2011 to 2013, 1,744 participants completed high-resolution vessel wall MRI from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study by a sampling strategy that allowed weighting back to the cohort. 4 key findings →

Participants: 291 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Sleep characteristics and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2017-07-21

This study tested the hypotheses that late-midlife obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and short and long sleep duration are associated with dementia over 15 years of follow-up. 4 key findings →

Participants: 1,667 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral atrophy in a middle-aged cohort

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2005-09-01

Because cardiovascular (CV) risk factors have been associated with declines in cognitive functions and late life dementia, CV risk factors should also be associated with brain atrophy. 4 key findings →

Participants: 1,812 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Characteristics of patients misdiagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and their medication use: an analysis of the NACC-UDS database

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. BMC geriatrics 2013-12-19

This study compared individuals whose clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) matched or did not match neuropathologic results at autopsy on clinical and functional outcomes (cognitive impairment, functional status and neuropsychiatric symptoms). 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Albuminuria and Estimated GFR as Risk Factors for Dementia in Midlife and Older Age: Findings From the ARIC Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2020-05-16

& objective Evidence is limited on how estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) relate to dementia at different ages. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 9,967 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive status in relation to prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2018-05-12

The interplay between midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive function with later life mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (DEM) is not well understood. 4 key findings →

Participants: 5,995 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Leisure-time physical activity sustained since midlife and preservation of cognitive function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2018-10-12

We tested the hypotheses that higher levels of and persistence of midlife leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are associated long-term with lower cognitive decline and less incident dementia. 4 key findings →

Participants: 10,705 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 30,980 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 30,980 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (65.2% of the library) and OpenAlex (16.4%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,042 records (3.4% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 967 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed    Where this research is being discussed: events