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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–25 of 834 studies (page 1 of 34) · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Showing 834 studies tagged csf — clear

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 81 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2016-04-08

The core biomarkers differentiated Alzheimer's disease from controls with good performance: CSF T-tau (average ratio 2·54, 95% CI 2·44-2·64, p Interpretation The core CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration (T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42), CSF NFL, and plasma T-tau were strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease and the core biomarkers were strongly associated with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. 2 key findings →

Design: systematic review Participants: 699 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Changes in Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Associations With Incident All-Cause Dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 79 out of 100. JAMA 2024-10-15

Plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology, neuronal injury, and astrogliosis increase with age and are associated with known dementia risk factors. 5 key findings →

Design: cohort Participants: 1,525 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Prediction of Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Using Plasma Biomarkers

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 79 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2023-04-01

Among 171 Aβ-positive CU participants included in the main analyses, 119 (mean [SD] age, 73.0 [5.4] years; 60.5% female) were from the BioFINDER-1 study, and 52 (mean [SD] age, 64.4 [4.6] years; 65.4% female) were from the WRAP study. 2 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 564 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

A cerebrospinal fluid synaptic protein biomarker for prediction of cognitive resilience versus decline in Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 77 out of 100. Nature medicine 2025-03-31

Rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extremely heterogeneous. 1 key finding →

Design: case-control study Participants: 3,397 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association Between Longitudinal Plasma Neurofilament Light and Neurodegeneration in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 76 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2019-07-01

The NfL level was increased at baseline in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia (mean levels: cognitive unimpairment, 32.1 ng/L; mild cognitive impairment, 37.9 ng/L; and AD dementia, 45.9 ng/L; P Conclusions and relevance The findings suggest that plasma NfL can be used as a noninvasive biomarker associated with neurodegeneration in patients with AD and may be useful to monitor effects in trials of disease-modifying drugs. 3 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 1,583 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of Plasma Neurofilament Light With Neurodegeneration in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 75 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2017-05-01

Among 193 cognitively healthy controls, 197 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 180 patients with AD with dementia, plasma NFL correlated with CSF NFL (Spearman ρ = 0.59, P Conclusions and relevance Plasma NFL is associated with AD diagnosis and with cognitive, biochemical, and imaging hallmarks of the disease. 3 key findings →

Design: case-control study Participants: 197 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Differences Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels Across the Alzheimer Disease Continuum

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 75 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2021-12-01

This study suggests that plasma GFAP is a sensitive biomarker for detecting and tracking reactive astrogliosis and Aβ pathology even among individuals in the early stages of AD. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 300 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 performs better than p-tau181 as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 75 out of 100. Nature communications 2020-04-03

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181 (tau phosphorylated at threonine 181) is an established biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), reflecting abnormal tau metabolism in the brain. 3 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 194 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Serum neurofilament dynamics predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100. Nature medicine 2019-01-21

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising fluid biomarker of disease progression for various cerebral proteopathies. 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 187 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Highly accurate blood test for Alzheimer's disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid tests

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100. Nature medicine 2024-02-21

With the emergence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) disease-modifying therapies, identifying patients who could benefit from these treatments becomes critical. 1 key finding →

Participants: 1,422 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100. International journal of molecular sciences 2019-01-10

We performed a meta-analysis to examine the aggregate levels of serum BDNF in patients with AD and individuals with MCI, in comparison with healthy controls. 4 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Participants: 2,067 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Midlife and Late-Life Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and 11-Year Cognitive Decline

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100. Neurology 2026-10-16

Midlife p-tau181 was associated with faster 11-year memory decline beginning 20 years later in the ARIC cohort, which underscores a potentially long prodromal phase of cognitive decline that could precede dementia onset. 5 key findings →

Design: prospective cohort Participants: 920 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 73 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica 2022-09-06

Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. 2 key findings →

Participants: 8,074 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 73 out of 100. Neurology 2018-07-27

Neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction are early events occurring already at presymptomatic stages of AD and contribute to disease progression. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 508 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Multi-cohort cerebrospinal fluid proteomics identifies robust molecular signatures across the Alzheimer disease continuum

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 73 out of 100. Neuron 2025-03-14

Changes in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (T) in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, making the CSF proteome a potential avenue to understand disease pathophysiology and facilitate reliable diagnostics and therapies. 5 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Detailed comparison of amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers for identifying early Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 72 out of 100. Neurology 2015-09-09

The best CSF measures for identifying MCI-AD were Aβ42/total tau (t-tau) and Aβ42/hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) (area under the curve [AUC] 0.93-0.94). 3 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 122 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 72 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2023-04-01

In this case-control study, blood biomarkers indicative of AD pathology demonstrated different dynamics of change after cardiac arrest. 5 key findings →

Design: case-control study Participants: 80 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Blood Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 72 out of 100. Neurology 2024-07-10

We demonstrated significant elevations in blood GFAP and YKL-40 levels in patients on the AD continuum compared with CU individuals. 5 key findings →

Design: systematic review Participants: 3,366 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

From across this tag

10 of the 829 studies in this tag, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.

↑ Change the filters

Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed