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Find studies

Showing 151–175 of 189 studies in Long-term cohort studies · tagged Risk Factors (page 7 of 8) · 31,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 189 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

What “Long-term cohort studies” covers

Long-term cohort studies — Large groups of people followed for years, tracking who develops dementia and what came before it.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

During a median 13.7 years of follow-up, prediabetes (n=52,693) was associated with higher risks of vascular dementia (hazard ratio (HR):1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-1.61), stroke (HR:1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16), ischemic stroke (HR:1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), and intracerebral hemorrhage (HR:1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.39) compared with normoglycemia, after adjustment for major confounding factors and across extensive sensitivity analyses. 5 key findings →

Participants: 52,693 Evidence: moderate

We studied whether anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are associated with the risk of dementia and cognition. 4 key findings →

Participants: 2,708 Evidence: low

Our study suggested that the long‐term exposure to air pollution was associated an increased risk of the transitions from health to incident cataract, dementia or the progression of both conditions. 2 key findings →

Participants: 409,608 Evidence: low

The N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has a well-documented prognostic value for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and higher levels are associated with cognitive-dysfunction in patients with CVD. 4 key findings →

Participants: 6,040 Evidence: low

The number of people living with dementia worldwide is projected to reach 150 million by 2050, making prevention a crucial priority for health services. 3 key findings →

Participants: 712 Evidence: low

In the fully adjusted model, the cumulative odds ratios (OR) are 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–1.31) for any dementia, 1.44 (95% CI: 1.36–1.53) for Alzheimer’s disease and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.48–1.83) for vascular dementia, associated with per unit increase in annual cumulative flooding exposure over lag 0–6 years. 5 key findings →

Design: case-control study Evidence: moderate

Obesity has been related to the incidence of dementia but its impact on cognitive performance in persons without dementia is less clear. 4 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

275 cognitively normal controls (NC), 100 subjective memory complaint (SMC), 559 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 143 Alzheimer's disease dementia subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative received ( 18 F)-florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) scans. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Serum cholesterol and cognitive performance in the Framingham Heart Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Psychosomatic medicine 2005-01-01

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between total cholesterol (TC) and cognitive performance within the context of the Framingham Heart Study, a large, community-based, prospective investigation of cardiovascular risk factors. 4 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 3,035 incident dementia cases were recorded, including 1,304 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 597 vascular dementia (VD) cases. 5 key findings →

Participants: 33,401 Evidence: low

The heart rate response/recovery (HRR) index, a common indicator for cardiovascular health during exercise, has been linked with neurocognitive disorders and mortality. 4 key findings →

Participants: 519 Evidence: low

Among 389,314 participants, CKM stages were distributed as follows: stage 0 (10.0%), stage 1 (8.0%), stage 2 (57.6%), stage 3 (17.9%), and stage 4 (6.5%). 5 key findings →

Participants: 389,314 Evidence: low

The Framingham Heart Study, the longest-running prospective epidemiologic study in history, was initiated in 1948 in response to the rising toll of coronary heart disease and hypertension. 4 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

During a median follow-up of 13.68 years, 4744 incident all-cause dementia (ACD) events (including 3013 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 853 vascular dementia (VaD)) were recorded. 5 key findings →

Participants: 846 Evidence: low

Three subtypes emerged: severe obesity-related inflammatory diabetes (SOID), mild metabolic diabetes (MMD, reference), and mild age-related hypertension-predominant diabetes (MARD-H). 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Accurate dementia risk prediction is challenging, and may be facilitated by better use of imaging and genetic data, including their complex interactions. 1 key finding →

Design: post-hoc analysis Participants: 3,521 Evidence: low

Both the higher parental dementia instrument and participant genetic instrument score were associated with higher mean SBP (difference in mean SBP mmHg per 1SD higher score: 0.12, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.17, p < 0.0001, and 0.07, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.13, p=0.037, respectively) but not DBP. 5 key findings →

Participants: 501,420 Evidence: low

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 31,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 31,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (65.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (16.2%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,048 records (3.3% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 973 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed    Where this research is being discussed: events