Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. Role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression: focus on the serotonin transporter

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Clinical chemistry 1994-02-01 Tau biomarkers

    Considerable evidence has accrued in the last two decades to support the hypothesis that alterations in serotonergic neuronal function in the central nervous system occur in patients with major depression.

  2. Amantadine and memantine are NMDA receptor antagonists with neuroprotective properties

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. PubMed 1994-01-01 Treatments

    The pharmacological inhibition of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission has evolved to be a major topic in neuropharmacology since enhanced synaptic action of glutamate and possibly other related neurotransmitters has been suggested to play a role both in acute neurological conditions such as ischemia and epilepsy and in chronic degenerative neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

  3. Cognitive impairment: dementia and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Annual review of public health 1992-01-01 End-of-life care

    Current palliative treatments are attempts to minimize the morbidity of abnormal behaviors and medical complications associated with dementia.

  4. Clinical assessment of 31 patients with Wilson's disease. Correlations with structural changes on magnetic resonance imaging

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Archives of neurology 1987-04-01 Digital health tools

    Thirty-one patients with Wilson's disease were evaluated with detailed neurologic and medical examinations.

  5. Neurotransmitter-related enzymes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Brain research 1979-08-01 Tau biomarkers

    Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities were measured in 20 brain regions from autopsied control and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) cases.

  6. Neurotransmitter enzyme abnormalities in senile dementia. Choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities in necropsy brain tissue

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Journal of the neurological sciences 1977-11-01 Risk factors

    Reductions in 2 neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes in brain, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and choline acetyltransferase (CAT), have been found in dementias of different origins, including senile dementia (Alzheimer type).

  7. Interventions for Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review of Pharmacological and Lifestyle Strategies, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-10-26 Drug development

    SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have the greatest effect on cognition in T2DM, and the multi-component exercise as the most effective lifestyle component.

  8. The Role of Cortisol in CNS Disease –11β-HSD1 Inhibition as a Potential New Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer’s Disease and Major Depressive Disorder

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Preprints.org 2026-10-16 Risk factors

    Cortisol is primarily synthesized by the adrenal glands, but also within specific tissues via a distinct enzymatic pathway. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyses the synthesis of cortisol within cells to create local higher cortisol environments in those organs where it is highly expressed such as the liver and brain.

  9. Individual Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Risk of Dementia: A Target Trial Emulation Study

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-10-14 Digital health tools

    Of 22,025,599 individuals screened, 2,051,275 were eligible; matched cohorts ranged from 10,113 to 857,773, with median follow-up of 4.7 to 7.2 years.

  10. Dementia and PDE5 inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study of veterans

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-13 Lewy body dementia

    The observed protective effect may be explained by vascular and neuroprotective mechanisms unique to PDE5 inhibitors.

  11. Simulating the Effects of Gamma Oscillation Treatment on Selective Neurotransmitters Using The Virtual Brain and Complex Pathway Simulator

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-06 Treatments

    Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, is caused by a variety of factors that lead to neuronal injury and an alteration in neurotransmitter production and release.

  12. Cognitive and Renal Outcomes of Finerenone in Older Adults With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Real-World Cohort Study

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-06 How common it is

    In older adults with HFpEF, finerenone conferred renal benefit without a detectable short-term cognitive signal.

  13. Patterns of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Initiation Compared With Other Glucose-Lowering and Anti-Obesity Therapies Among Older Adults

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-10-05 Drug development

    We describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of new initiators of GLP-1RAs compared with initiators of alternative therapies, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i).

  14. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the leading cause of dementia in older people.

  15. Docking-Guided Design and Biological Evaluation of a Lead Convolvine-Based Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-01 Treatments

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline, memory loss, and cholinergic dysfunction [1].

  16. Changing Landscape of Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality in the United States (1979– 2023): A CDC WONDER Analysis of Epidemiological Shifts, Disparities and ARIMA-Based Projections to 2050

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-17 How common it is

    Between 1979 and 2023, AD caused 2,430,795 deaths in U.S. adults.

  17. Neuropsychiatric Adverse-Event Reporting With Brexpiprazole Across Approved Indications: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-08 Clinical safety

    Brexpiprazole was associated with a distinct neuropsychiatric adverse-event reporting pattern in Alzheimer’s disease compared with psychiatric indications, with the most consistent signals observed for delirium, falls, and agitation.

  18. Early strong anticholinergic initiation and 30-day mortality in older inpatients with dementia: a target trial emulation

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-08 How common it is

    Rare confirmed initiation prevented a clinically interpretable admission-time strategy estimate.

  19. Structural optimization of coumarin-pyridine hybrid derivative salts as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-03 Treatments

    Coumarins playing multiple roles in the life of plants also exhibit a wide range of positive effects for human health.

  20. Chronic trazodone treatment consolidates sleep, improves memory, and reduces amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-08-25 Risk factors

    Sleep disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly the reduction of slow wave sleep (SWS), has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target, with disease-modifying potential.

  21. Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Analysis of Amyloid Aggregation and Hippocampal Atrophy Trajectories in Alzheimer’s Disease by APOE4 Genotype and Valiltramiprosate/ALZ-801 Treatment

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-08-24 Biomarkers

    Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

  22. Long-term antidepressant use and outcomes in adults: A systematic review

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. PsyArXiv 2026-08-18 Brain scans and imaging

    Forty-eight studies, mostly of weak- or moderate-quality, met inclusion criteria.

  23. Exploring the Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Aromasin in Modulating COX-2/iNOS for Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Synaptic Dysfunction: An In Silico Drug Repurposing Study

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-08-18 Drug development

    Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are central regulators of synaptic homeostasis, plasticity, and dysfunction during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression.

  24. Repurposing probucol for prevention of dementia: a nationwide cohort study

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-08-13 Drug development

    In this nationwide cohort, probucol use was associated with substantially lower dementia risk than statins, supporting evaluation of probucol for repurposing in dementia prevention.

  25. Randomized metformin and cognitive outcomes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-08-07 Drug development

    Long-term metformin treatment is associated with a reduced risk of dementia and better memory performance among persons with pre-diabetes or T2D. Longer follow-up with more dementia cases is needed to confirm our findings.

From across this topic

10 of the 902 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.

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