Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Reduced AV-1451 binding in neuritic pathology compared to neurofibrillary tangles suggests that the maturity of tau pathology may affect AV-1451 binding and suggests complexity in AV-1451 binding.
Why it matters
In autopsy brain tissue from 38 people with Alzheimer's and other dementias, the tau PET tracer AV-1451 bound strongly to the tau tangles of Alzheimer's but weakly to tau in diseases with only one tau type (3R or 4R, such as Pick disease), minimally to TDP-43 regions, and not at all to α-synuclein. It also showed "off-target" binding in blood vessels, iron-rich areas, the substantia nigra, choroid plexus calcifications and meningeal melanin. The authors conclude that the tracer has "limited clinical utility" for 3R-only or 4R-only tau diseases, does not fully track early-stage tau spread in Alzheimer's, and that clinical use "will require a familiarity" with its off-target binding.
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Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (false discovery rate P Conclusions and relevance Our findings demonstrate genetic overlap between AD and immune-mediated diseases and suggest that immune system processes influence AD pathogenesis and progression.
Why it matters
This genetic epidemiology study found overlap between genes associated with Alzheimer's disease and genes associated with several immune-mediated diseases, suggesting that immune system processes influence Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and progression. It does not show that treating inflammation treats, cures, or prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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We systematically compared structural imaging patterns of advanced brain aging (ABA) in the general-population, herein defined as significant deviation from typical BA to those found in Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
In 2705 general-population participants, advanced brain aging was associated with factors such as smoking, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic drug use, and waist circumference, and its atrophy patterns only partially overlapped with those of Alzheimer's disease. This is an imaging study of brain aging patterns and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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The amyloid hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) posits a neuron-centric, linear cascade initiated by Aβ and leading to dementia.
Why it matters
This review argues that the direct causal chain from amyloid-beta to dementia is incompatible with clinical observations and describes a long, complex cellular phase involving astrocytes, microglia and vasculature. It calls for a holistic research view and single-cell approaches but reports no treatment, cure or prevention.
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57/100
Reduction in hippocampal and amygdala volume measured via structural magnetic resonance imaging is an early marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study looked at whether a combined genetic risk score for Alzheimer's disease affects the size of the hippocampus and amygdala in older and young adults. It did not report a clear finding on whether this genetic risk changes these brain structures, so no treatment or prevention conclusion can be drawn.
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CSF levels of YKL-40 may have utility for discriminating between cognitively normal individuals and patients with MCI or AD.
Why it matters
Higher baseline cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40 levels were found in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease compared with cognitively normal individuals, and both YKL-40 and VILIP-1 in mild cognitive impairment predicted progression to Alzheimer's. These proteins may be candidate biomarkers to diagnose, predict and monitor the disease, but this was a memory clinic cohort study.
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In neurodegeneration research, normalization of regional volumes by intracranial volume (ICV) is important to estimate the extent of disease-driven atrophy.
Why it matters
This methods study compared different ways of adjusting regional brain volumes for intracranial volume across two large cohorts. Small but significant differences were found when predicting diagnostic status using the different approaches.
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The CSF levels of Aβ42 but not total and phosphorylated tau were lower in APOE ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers irrespective of diagnostic group (cohort A).
Why it matters
This study found that CSF levels of Aβ42 were lower in APOE ε4 carriers regardless of diagnostic group, but Aβ42 still differed between Alzheimer disease and controls even when stratifying by APOE genotype. It concerns the accuracy of CSF biomarkers for diagnosis, not treatment, cure, or prevention.
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We review the genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their role in AD pathogenesis.
Why it matters
This review lists genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk, including ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, PICALM, SORL1, PLD3 and TREM2. It summarizes genetic risk factors and does not report a treatment, cure or prevention.
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Mean IGF-1 levels were 144 ± 60 μg/L in generation 1 and 114 ± 37 μg/L in generation 2.
Why it matters
In this community sample, people with the lowest quartile of serum IGF-1 had a greater risk of Alzheimer disease dementia, and among those without dementia higher IGF-1 levels were associated with greater total brain volumes. This is an observational association and does not show that raising IGF-1 prevents or treats Alzheimer disease.
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Patients with Alzheimer's disease have reduced cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging, but it is unclear how this is related to amyloid-β pathology.
Why it matters
Using 182 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, this study tested how amyloid-beta relates to regional cerebral blood flow and grey matter volume across healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia. It examines associations between imaging measures and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Based on previous studies, a preclinical classification for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed.
Why it matters
This study analyzed biomarkers of neuronal injury and their ability to predict progression to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's dementia in cognitively normal people. It is about prognosis and does not report a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Elevated cerebral Aβ level was associated with cholesterol fractions in a pattern analogous to that found in coronary artery disease.
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We conducted a randomized, cross-over trial to investigate the feasibility, safety, and motor effects of brain stimulation with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technique in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
In this small cross-over trial of 60 patients, some axial movement improvements were seen after the active protocol, but no significant effects on axial movements were observed in the second phase of the trial. Effects on gait performance were not consistent, so this does not establish a reliable motor benefit.
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This study compared individuals whose clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) matched or did not match neuropathologic results at autopsy on clinical and functional outcomes (cognitive impairment, functional status and neuropsychiatric symptoms).
Why it matters
This study compared people whose clinical Alzheimer's disease diagnosis matched or did not match autopsy results and looked at medication use among misdiagnosed patients. It does not test a treatment or cure for Alzheimer's disease, and it highlights the problem of diagnostic accuracy.
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Subtle memory impairment with a positive β-amyloid scan identifies healthy individuals at high risk for MCI or AD.
Why it matters
This study found that amyloid imaging was the single variable most strongly associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease in nondemented older individuals, and that combining subtle memory impairment with a positive amyloid scan was most strongly associated with progression in healthy people. It concerns predicting disease, not treating or preventing it.
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Such findings challenge the proposed sequence and suggest that Aβ-independent precursors underlie AD-typical neurodegenerative patterns.
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57/100
The incidence of amyloid PET positivity is approximately 13% per year among CN participants over age 70 sampled from a population-based cohort.
Why it matters
Among cognitively normal older adults, new amyloid PET positivity occurred at about 13% per year, and in many cases it appeared before abnormalities in FDG-PET or hippocampal volume, though some had neurodegeneration first. This describes the order of biomarker changes and does not offer a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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We assessed whether preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) based on CSF biomarkers at baseline predicts decline in cognitive functioning as measured by repeated neuropsychological tests for 4 cognitive domains in patients with subjective complaints.
Why it matters
This study assessed whether preclinical Alzheimer disease defined by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers at baseline predicts later decline in memory and executive functions in patients with subjective complaints. It is a prediction study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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These findings enhance understanding of AD risk factors by relating validated susceptibility alleles to increased neuritic plaque pathology and implicate common genetic variation at the APP locus in the earliest, presymptomatic stages of AD.
Why it matters
In brain tissue from 725 deceased subjects, this study found that the ABCA7 and CD2AP risk loci are associated with neuritic plaque burden, and it identified a novel variant near the APP gene linked to plaques. These findings connect known Alzheimer's risk genes to the actual plaque pathology in the brain.
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Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by neuronal loss and cerebral deposition of proteins with altered physicochemical properties.
Why it matters
In this community-based autopsy series of 233 brains, the study mapped several neurodegeneration-related proteins and vascular pathology and found that non-Alzheimer pathologies and combinations of them are more frequent than commonly believed in the elderly brain. It is a descriptive autopsy study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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57/100
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, shares many aspects of abnormal brain aging.
Why it matters
In 195 people with mild cognitive impairment, 133 of whom developed Alzheimer's within three years, an MRI-based "brain age" score (BrainAGE) predicted who would progress with accuracy of up to 81%, compared with a 68% starting probability, and the study reports it outperformed cognitive scales and spinal-fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Each extra year of estimated brain age above a person's real age was associated with about a 10% higher risk of developing Alzheimer's (hazard rate 1.10, CI 1.07–1.13). It is a prediction measure tested in an already high-risk group; it does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Why it matters
Reports a genome-wide association study of tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid that identified risk variants for Alzheimer's disease.
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AD biomarkers are useful to predict AD-type dementia in subjects with aMCI and naMCI.
Why it matters
In this memory clinic cohort, CSF amyloid-beta1-42, tau, the amyloid-beta1-42/tau ratio, hippocampal volume, and APOE epsilon4 predicted progression to Alzheimer's-type dementia in both amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment, though the markers were less sensitive in the nonamnestic group. This supports using biomarkers to predict dementia but does not provide a treatment or cure.
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Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on non-invasive methods are highly desirable for diagnosis, disease progression, and monitoring therapeutics.
Why it matters
In Alzheimer's disease subjects, thinner entorhinal cortex at baseline was associated with lower baseline cognitive scores, higher disease severity, and greater subsequent cognitive decline over one year. Entorhinal cortex thickness predicted cognitive change, and whole brain volume was also associated with decline on one cognitive measure.
From across this topic
10 of the 5,172 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Decreased drebrin mRNA expression in Alzheimer disease: correlation with tau pathology
- NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A PANDORA BOX FOR THE MANAGE MENT OF ALZHEIMER NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY IN ALZHEIMER
- Neurodegenerative disorders: A Holistic study of the explainable artificial intelligence applications
- Comparison of different MRI brain atrophy rate measures with clinical disease progression in AD
- Effects of rivastigmine transdermal patch and capsule on aspects of clinical global impression of change in Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective analysis
- Biomarker Modeling of Alzheimer’s Disease
- Long-term surveillance of the anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody lecanemab: rights and duties of pharmacovigilance
- Validity and reliability of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
- Identifying Distinct Spatiotemporal Patterns of Juxtacortical Microstructure in Alzheimer Disease Using Diffusion MRI–derived Free Water Fraction
- Sex differences in CSF biomarkers vary by Alzheimer disease stage and APOE ε4 genotype