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“Taxes, death, and trouble”: Role of structural socioeconomic racism on cognitive function for persons racialized as Black
Paris AJ Adkins‐Jackson, Boeun Kim, Justina F. Avila, César Higgins Tejera, Zinzi Bailey, Tiffany N Ford, Jinshil Hyun, Daniel W. Belsky et al.. Alzheimer s & Dementia, 2023-12-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Result Participants racialized as Black who lived in places with higher levels of area‐level structural socioeconomic racism experienced lower levels of cognition at baseline and at varying time points in the six‐year period—compared to those in places with lower structural socioeconomic racism. These findings reveal the utility of examining the impact of racist U.S. policies enacted in the past and present that influence health over time.
Key findings
- Result Participants racialized as Black who lived in places with higher levels of area‐level structural socioeconomic racism experienced lower levels of cognition at baseline and at varying time points in the six‐year period—compared to those in places with lower structural socioeconomic racism.
- These findings reveal the utility of examining the impact of racist U.S. policies enacted in the past and present that influence health over time.
Why it matters
This study found that Black participants living in places with higher area-level structural socioeconomic racism had lower cognition at baseline and at varying time points over a six-year period. It highlights the utility of examining how racist U.S. policies enacted in the past and present influence health over time.
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Study details
- Participants1,172
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia: journal h-index 228 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2023 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 1,172 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 1 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.2 citations a year over 5 year(s) since 2023 |
| Impact for its field and year | 1 / 6 | Cited 0.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Jennifer J. Manly: h-index 101 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Johns Hopkins University: institution h-index 2,306 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 3 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 13 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Adkins‐Jackson, P. A. J., Kim, B., Avila, J. F., Tejera, C. H., Bailey, Z., Ford, T. N., et al. (2023). “Taxes, death, and trouble”: Role of structural socioeconomic racism on cognitive function for persons racialized as Black. Alzheimer s & Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.079966
Vancouver
Adkins‐Jackson PAJ, Kim B, Avila JF, Tejera CH, Bailey Z, Ford TN, et al. “Taxes, death, and trouble”: Role of structural socioeconomic racism on cognitive function for persons racialized as Black. Alzheimer s & Dementia. 2023. doi:10.1002/alz.079966.
BibTeX
@article{adkinsjackson2023-35777518,
author = {Adkins‐Jackson, Paris AJ and Kim, Boeun and Avila, Justina F. and Tejera, César Higgins and Bailey, Zinzi and Ford, Tiffany N and Hyun, Jinshil and Belsky, Daniel W. and others},
title = {{“Taxes, death, and trouble”: Role of structural socioeconomic racism on cognitive function for persons racialized as Black}},
journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1002/alz.079966},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.079966}
}
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