Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

This page is alzhub.org's plain-English summary of a published study, not the paper itself. It is generated from the record we hold for this study, sourced and linked below — check the original for the full text and methods.

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Biomarkers

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Results We selected the cerebellum as a pseudo-reference region based on the immunohistochemical comparison of age-matched PS2APP and WT mice. Subsequent PET imaging revealed that PS2APP mice showed elevated hippocampal and thalamic [ 18 F]F-DED DVR when compared to age-matched WT mice at 5 months (thalamus: + 4.3%; p = 0.048), 13 months (hippocampus: + 7.6%, p = 0.022) and 19 months (hippocampus: + 12.3%, p 18 F]F-DED DVR increases of PS2APP mice occurred earlier when compared to signal alterations in TSPO and β-amyloid PET and [ 18 F]F-DED DVR correlated with quantitative immunohistochemistry (hippocampus: R = 0.720, p 18 F]F-DED V T and SUVr patterns, matching the expected topology of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative (MSA) and neuroinflammatory conditions, whereas the patient with oligodendroglioma and the healthy control indicated [ 18 F]F-DED binding following the known physiological MAO-B expression in brain.

Key findings

Why it matters

In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, a PET tracer for reactive astrogliosis showed increased signal in the hippocampus and thalamus before changes in TSPO and amyloid PET, and first-in-human scans matched expected patterns in neurodegenerative conditions. This is early preclinical and first-in-human work, so it does not yet show a benefit for diagnosing or treating Alzheimer's disease in patients.

Study details

How this study scored 56/100
How this study's score is builtJournal tier 7 of 10; Journal's citation record 2 of 4; Study design 4 of 12; Strength of evidence 3 of 5; Peer-review validation 10 of 10; How recent 3 of 5; Sample size 0 of 4; Effect reported 2 of 3; Studied in people 0 of 3; Randomised / blinded 0 of 2; Times cited 4 of 7; Citations per year 3 of 5; Impact for its field and year 3 of 6; Cited by studies here 1 of 6; Still being cited 3 of 4; Senior author's track record 3 of 4; Institution's track record 2 of 3; Multi-centre collaboration 2 of 3; Indexed in PubMed 2 of 2; Free to read 2 of 2. Total 56 of 100.56 of 100 points earned44 not earned

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

ComponentPointsWhy
Journal tier 7 / 10 Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of neuroinflammation)
Journal's citation record 2 / 4 Journal of Neuroinflammation: journal h-index 216 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design 4 / 12 A snapshot of people at one point in time
Strength of evidence 3 / 5 Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation 10 / 10 Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent 3 / 5 2023 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size 0 / 4 Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported 2 / 3 Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people 0 / 3 Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded 0 / 2 No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited 4 / 7 Cited 55 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year 3 / 5 11.0 citations a year over 5 year(s) since 2023
Impact for its field and year 3 / 6 Cited 4.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here 1 / 6 Cited by 1 other studies in this library
Still being cited 3 / 4 Cited 51 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record 3 / 4 Last-listed author Matthias Brendel: h-index 56 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record 2 / 3 Imperial College London: institution h-index 1,744 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration 2 / 3 OpenAlex lists 9 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed 2 / 2 Indexed in PubMed (PMID 36906584)
Free to read 2 / 2 Free to read
Total 56 / 100 —

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — PubMed Central lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 10 Oct 2026).

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

APA 7th

Ballweg, A., Klaus, C., Vogler, L., Katzdobler, S., Wind, K., Zatcepin, A., et al. (2023). [18F]F-DED PET imaging of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases: preclinical proof of concept and first-in-human data. Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02749-2

Vancouver

Ballweg A, Klaus C, Vogler L, Katzdobler S, Wind K, Zatcepin A, et al. [18F]F-DED PET imaging of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases: preclinical proof of concept and first-in-human data. Journal of neuroinflammation. 2023. doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02749-2. PMID: 36906584.

BibTeX

@article{ballweg2023-36906584,
  author  = {Ballweg, A. and Klaus, C. and Vogler, L. and Katzdobler, S. and Wind, K. and Zatcepin, A. and Ziegler, S. I. and Secgin, B. and others},
  title   = {{[18F]F-DED PET imaging of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases: preclinical proof of concept and first-in-human data}},
  journal = {Journal of neuroinflammation},
  year    = {2023},
  doi     = {10.1186/s12974-023-02749-2},
  pmid    = {36906584},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02749-2}
}

Studies this one cites

Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here. Showing 12 of 15.

Later studies that cite this one

1 study in the alzhub library lists this one in its references.

Related studies in Biomarkers

Similar studies

More on Biomarkers

See all studies in Biomarkers →