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54/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Brain tissue and pathology

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Two thousand three hundred and thirty two nonselected brains from 1- to 100-year-old individuals were examined using immunocytochemistry (AT8) and Gallyas silver staining for abnormal tau; immunocytochemistry (4G8) and Campbell-Switzer staining were used for the detection ofβ-amyloid. A total of 342 cases was negative in the Gallyas stain but when restaged for AT8 only 10 were immunonegative. Fifty-eight cases had subcortical tau predominantly in the locus coeruleus, but there was no abnormal cortical tau (subcortical Stages a-c). Cortical involvement (abnormal tau in neurites) was identified first in the transentorhinal region (Stage 1a, 38 cases). Transentorhinal pyramidal cells displayed pretangle material (Stage 1b, 236 cases). Pretangles gradually became argyrophilic neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that progressed in parallel with NFT Stages I to VI. Pretangles restricted to subcortical sites were seen chiefly at younger ages. Of the total cases, 1,031 (44.2%) had β-amyloid plaques. The first plaques occurred in the neocortex after the onset of tauopathy in the brainstem. Plaques generally developed in the 40s in 4% of all cases, culminating in their tenth decade (75%). β-amyloid plaques and NFTs were significantly correlated (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that tauopathy associated with sporadic Alzheimer disease may begin earlier than previously thought and possibly in the lower brainstem rather than in the transentorhinal region.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Braak, H., Thal, D. R., Ghebremedhin, E., & Del Tredici, K. (2011). Stages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories From 1 to 100 Years. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e318232a379

Vancouver

Braak H, Thal DR, Ghebremedhin E, Del Tredici K. Stages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories From 1 to 100 Years. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 2011. doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e318232a379. PMID: 22002422.

BibTeX

@article{braak2011-22002422,
  author  = {Braak, Heiko and Thal, Dietmar Rudolf and Ghebremedhin, Estifanos and Del Tredici, Kelly},
  title   = {{Stages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories From 1 to 100 Years}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuropathology \& Experimental Neurology},
  year    = {2011},
  doi     = {10.1097/nen.0b013e318232a379},
  pmid    = {22002422},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e318232a379}
}

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Why it matters

Examined brains from people aged 1 to 100 years for abnormal tau and amyloid plaques. Tau changes appeared in the brainstem before the first plaques, and 44.2% of cases had plaques. The authors suggest tau changes tied to sporadic Alzheimer's may begin earlier than previously thought, possibly in the lower brainstem.

How this study scored 54/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on strength of evidence, so that was left out: it earned 51 of the 95 points we could judge it on, which is 54 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology: journal h-index 239 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	— / 5	No evidence rating recorded — left out of this score
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	7 / 7	Cited 2,191 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	5 / 5	128.9 citations a year over 17 year(s) since 2011
Impact for its field and year	5 / 6	Cited 36.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	4 / 4	Cited 590 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Kelly Del Tredici: h-index 77 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	2 / 3	The University of Queensland: institution h-index 1,516 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 22002422)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Points	51 / 95	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 51 of the 95 points we could judge it on is 54 out of 100.
Total	54 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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