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S100beta protein expression: gender- and age-related daily changes
Nogueira MI, Abbas SY, Campos LG, Allemandi W, Lawson P, Takada SH, Azmitia EC.. Neurochemical research, 2009-02-11
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
S100beta is a soluble protein released by glial cells mainly under the activation of the 5-HT1A receptor. It has been reported as a neuro-trophic and -tropic factor that promotes neurite maturation and outgrowth during development. This protein also plays a role in axonal stability and the plasticity underlying long-term potentiation in adult brains. The ability of S100beta to rapidly regulate neuronal morphology raises the interesting point of whether there are daily rhythm or gender differences in S100beta level in the brain. To answer this question, the S100beta expression in adult female and male rats, as well as in adult female CD-21 and S100beta -/- female mice, were investigated. Scintillation counting and morphometric analysis of the immunoreactivity of S100beta, showed rhythmic daily expression. The female and male rats showed opposite cycles. Females presented the highest value at the beginning of the rest phase (5:00 h), while in males the maximum value appeared in the beginning of the motor activity period (21:00 h). These results confirm previous S100beta evaluations in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid reporting the protein's function as a biomarker for brain damage (Gazzolo et al. in Clin Chem 49:967-970, 2003; Clin Chim Acta 330:131-133, 2003; Pediatr Res 58:1170-1174, 2005), similar behavior was also observed for GFAP in relation to Alzheimer Disease (Fukuyama et al. in Eur Neurol 46:35-38, 2001). The data should be taken into account when considering S100beta as a biomarker of health condition. In addition, the results raise questions on which structure or condition imposes these rhythms as well as on the physiological meaning of the observed gender differences.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Nogueira, M. I., Abbas, S. Y., Campos, L. G., Allemandi, W., Lawson, P., Takada, S. H., et al. (2009). S100beta protein expression: gender- and age-related daily changes. Neurochemical research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-009-9915-x
Vancouver
Nogueira MI, Abbas SY, Campos LG, Allemandi W, Lawson P, Takada SH, et al. S100beta protein expression: gender- and age-related daily changes. Neurochemical research. 2009. doi:10.1007/s11064-009-9915-x. PMID: 19205880.
BibTeX
@article{nogueira2009-19205880,
author = {Nogueira, M. I. and Abbas, S. Y. and Campos, L. G. and Allemandi, W. and Lawson, P. and Takada, S. H. and Azmitia, E. C.},
title = {{S100beta protein expression: gender- and age-related daily changes}},
journal = {Neurochemical research},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1007/s11064-009-9915-x},
pmid = {19205880},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-009-9915-x}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- These results confirm previous S100beta evaluations in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid reporting the protein's function as a biomarker for brain damage (Gazzolo et al. in Clin Chem 49:967-970, 2003; Clin Chim Acta 330:131-133, 2003; Pediatr Res 58:1170-1174, 2005), similar behavior was also observed for GFAP in relation to Alzheimer Disease (Fukuyama et al. in Eur Neurol 46:35-38, 2001).
- In addition, the results raise questions on which structure or condition imposes these rhythms as well as on the physiological meaning of the observed gender differences.
Why it matters
This animal and mouse study found daily rhythms in S100beta protein expression that differed between males and females. It concerns a biomarker of brain damage and raises questions about these rhythms, with no direct implications for treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 34/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Neurochemical research) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Neurochemical Research: journal h-index 163 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2009 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 3 / 7 | Cited 16 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.8 citations a year over 19 year(s) since 2009 |
| Impact for its field and year | 1 / 6 | Cited 0.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Efrain C. Azmitia: h-index 61 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Cornell University: institution h-index 1,649 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19205880) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 34 / 100 | — |
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