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40/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Caregiving

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

This study examined relationships among caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and key processes related to psychological flexibility (experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, values-driven actions, and mindfulness) in 157 family caregivers of individuals with dementia in the United States. Path analyses were used. Participants' mean age was 59.5 years, ranging between 24 and 87 years. The model fit indices indicated excellent fit to the data. Caregiver burden had a direct effect on depressive symptoms (51.6 % of the total effect), while indirect effects accounted for 48.4%. The largest indirect effect was through values-driven action (14.6% of the total effect), followed by the paths through cognitive fusion → experiential avoidance (13.5%) and through mindfulness → cognitive fusion → experiential avoidance (8.7%). Targeting these key processes related to psychological flexibility with interventions such as acceptance and commitment therapy may help reduce the negative impact of caregiver burden on depressive symptoms in these caregivers.

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APA 7th

Han, A., Hong, I., Yuen, H. K., Hawkins, J., Lee, H. K., Montoro‐Rodríguez, J., et al. (2025). Relationships Among Caregiver Burden, Psychological Flexibility Processes, and Depressive Symptoms in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia: Path Analyses. Journal of Applied Gerontology. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648251315991

Vancouver

Han A, Hong I, Yuen HK, Hawkins J, Lee HK, Montoro‐Rodríguez J, et al. Relationships Among Caregiver Burden, Psychological Flexibility Processes, and Depressive Symptoms in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia: Path Analyses. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 2025. doi:10.1177/07334648251315991. PMID: 39854607.

BibTeX

@article{han2025-39854607,
  author  = {Han, Areum and Hong, Ickpyo and Yuen, Hon K. and Hawkins, Jessica and Lee, Ho Kyung and Montoro‐Rodríguez, Julián and Lim, Yoonjeong and Lee, Hee Yun and others},
  title   = {{Relationships Among Caregiver Burden, Psychological Flexibility Processes, and Depressive Symptoms in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia: Path Analyses}},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Gerontology},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1177/07334648251315991},
  pmid    = {39854607},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648251315991}
}

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Key findings

Participants' mean age was 59.5 years, ranging between 24 and 87 years.
The model fit indices indicated excellent fit to the data.
Caregiver burden had a direct effect on depressive symptoms (51.6 % of the total effect), while indirect effects accounted for 48.4%.
The largest indirect effect was through values-driven action (14.6% of the total effect), followed by the paths through cognitive fusion → experiential avoidance (13.5%) and through mindfulness → cognitive fusion → experiential avoidance (8.7%).
Targeting these key processes related to psychological flexibility with interventions such as acceptance and commitment therapy may help reduce the negative impact of caregiver burden on depressive symptoms in these caregivers.

Why it matters

This path analysis of 157 family caregivers found that caregiver burden had both a direct effect on depressive symptoms and indirect effects through psychological flexibility processes such as values-driven action, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance. It suggests that acceptance and commitment therapy may help reduce the impact of burden on depressive symptoms, but this was not tested.

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Study details

Effect sizeor 48.4; 14.6%; 13.5%
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 40/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 38 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Applied Gerontology)
Journal's citation record	1 / 4	Journal of Applied Gerontology: journal h-index 92 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	2 / 3	Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 3 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	1 / 5	1.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 3.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 3 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	1 / 3	University of Alabama at Birmingham: institution h-index 1,118 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39854607)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Points	38 / 96	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 38 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100.
Total	40 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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