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Relationship between Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score and cognitive performance among ageing rural Indian participants: a cross-sectional analysis
Mensegere AL, Sundarakumar JS, Diwakar L, Issac TG, SANSCOG Study Team.. BMJ open, 2023-11-10
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objective The burden of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing in India, which, in turn, can adversely impact cognition. Our objective was to examine the effect of cardiovascular risk factors measured by Framingham Risk Score (FRS) on cognitive performance among a cohort of healthy, ageing individuals (n=3609) aged ≥45 years from rural India. Design A cross-sectional analysis. Setting A rural community setting in southern India. Participants Healthy, ageing, dementia-free participants, aged 45 years and above, belonging to the villages of Srinivaspura (a rural community located around 100 km from Bangalore, India), were recruited. Primary outcome measures Using a locally adapted, validated, computerised cognitive test battery, we assessed cognitive performance across multiple cognitive domains: attention, memory, language, executive functioning and visuospatial ability. Results The median (IQR) age of the sample was 57 (50.65) and 50.5% were women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that participants with higher FRS performed poorly in attention (visual attention (β=-0.018, p=0.041)), executive functioning (categorical fluency (β=-0.064, p<0.001)), visuospatial ability (form matching (β=-0.064, p<0.001) and visuospatial span (β=-0.020, p<0.001)), language (reading and sentence comprehension (β=-0.010, p=0.013), word comprehension (β=-0.021, p<0.001) and semantic association (β=-0.025, p<0.001)), and memory (episodic memory IR (β=-0.056, p<0.001), episodic memory DR (β=-0.076, p<0.001) and name-face association (β=-0.047, p<0.001)). Conclusion Increased cardiovascular risk as evidenced by FRS was associated with poorer cognitive performance in all cognitive domains among dementia-free middle-aged and older rural Indians. It is imperative to design and implement appropriate interventions (pharmacological and lifestyle-based) for cardiovascular risk reduction and thereby, prevent or mitigate accelerated cognitive impairment in ageing individuals.
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APA 7th
Mensegere, A. L., Sundarakumar, J. S., Diwakar, L., Issac, T. G., & SANSCOG Study Team. (2023). Relationship between Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score and cognitive performance among ageing rural Indian participants: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074977
Vancouver
Mensegere AL, Sundarakumar JS, Diwakar L, Issac TG, SANSCOG Study Team. Relationship between Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score and cognitive performance among ageing rural Indian participants: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ open. 2023. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074977. PMID: 37949620.
BibTeX
@article{mensegere2023-37949620,
author = {Mensegere, A. L. and Sundarakumar, J. S. and Diwakar, L. and Issac, T. G. and {SANSCOG Study Team}},
title = {{Relationship between Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score and cognitive performance among ageing rural Indian participants: a cross-sectional analysis}},
journal = {BMJ open},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074977},
pmid = {37949620},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074977}
}
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Key findings
- Results The median (IQR) age of the sample was 57 (50.65) and 50.5% were women.
- Multiple linear regression analysis showed that participants with higher FRS performed poorly in attention (visual attention (β=-0.018, p=0.041)), executive functioning (categorical fluency (β=-0.064, p<0.001)), visuospatial ability (form matching (β=-0.064, p<0.001) and visuospatial span (β=-0.020, p<0.001)), language (reading and sentence comprehension (β=-0.010, p=0.013), word comprehension (β=-0.021, p<0.001) and semantic association (β=-0.025, p<0.001)), and memory (episodic memory IR (β=-0.056, p<0.001), episodic memory DR (β=-0.076, p<0.001) and name-face association (β=-0.047, p<0.001)).
- Conclusion Increased cardiovascular risk as evidenced by FRS was associated with poorer cognitive performance in all cognitive domains among dementia-free middle-aged and older rural Indians.
Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Participants3,609
- Effect size50.5%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 67/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 39 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 67 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (BMJ open) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2023 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 3,609 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 37949620) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 39 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 39 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 67 out of 100. |
| Total | 67 / 100 | — |
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