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Postmenopausal Estrogen and Prevention Bias
Elizabeth L. Barrett-Connor. Annals of Internal Medicine, 1991-09-15
Topic: Drug trials: efficacy and safety
Brief Report15 September 1991Postmenopausal Estrogen and Prevention BiasElizabeth Barrett-Connor, MDElizabeth Barrett-Connor, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-455 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the last decade many investigators reported that postmenopausal women taking estrogen were at reduced risk for cardiovascular disease compared with women not taking estrogen (1). The results are fairly consistent and biologically plausible. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCaring for Patients in an Evidence-Limited WorldPostmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Colorectal Cancer Risk by Molecularly Defined Subtypes and Tumor LocationNegative controls to detect uncontrolled confounding in observational studies of mammographic screening comparing participants and non-participantsChapitre 2 : Maladies cardiovasculairesImpact of Smoking Status on Stroke RecurrenceElizabeth Barrett-Connor: Instrumental Contributor to the Understanding of Midlife Well-being and Health in Both Women and MenAn introduction to instrumental variable assumptions, validation and estimationLong-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer: a cohort studyHistory of hot flashes and aortic calcification among postmenopausal womenRace, Menopausal Hormone Therapy, and Invasive Breast Cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer StudySmoking cessation and outcome after ischemic stroke or TIAEstrogen and Cardiovascular Disease: Is Timing Everything?Lost in Translation?Women and Coronary Artery DiseaseManaging Menopause Chapter 2 Cardiovascular DiseaseWhile hormone therapy unlikely harmful in younger postmenopausal women at low CV risk, protective effects cannot be claimedDesign Considerations for Clinical Investigations of Osteoporosis13th Annual C. A literature reviewAbstracts of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists XXV International CongressHormone therapy and coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic postmenopausal women: the Rancho Bernardo StudyHormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Acute Myocardial InfarctionOverweight and Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Lipid Profiles in Postmenopausal WomenEstrogens and stroke: Use of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal use of estrogen: Current recommendationsHormone therap
Key findings
- Brief Report15 September 1991Postmenopausal Estrogen and Prevention BiasElizabeth Barrett-Connor, MDElizabeth Barrett-Connor, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-455 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the last decade many investigators reported that postmenopausal women taking estrogen were at reduced risk for cardiovascular disease compared with women not taking estrogen (1).
- The results are fairly consistent and biologically plausible.
- Stampfer, MDInitiation of hormone replacement therapy after acute myocardial infarction is associated with more cardiac events during follow-upEVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN WOMEN'S HEALTH: HORMONE THERAPY FOR WOMEN AT MENOPAUSEThe effect of estrogen plus progestin on knee symptoms and related disability in postmenopausal women: The heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialConcomitant medication use in postmenopausal women using estrogen therapyReliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, II: observational studiesImmune effects of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal womenCardioprotective Benefits of Hormone Replacement TherapyDesign Considerations for Clinical Investigations of OsteoporosisMemory retention is modulated by acute estradiol and progesterone replacement.A Prospective, Observational Study of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular DiseaseFrancine Grodstein, ScD, JoAnn E.
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Study details
- Study designsystematic review
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 67/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and studied in people because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 39 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 67 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Annals of Internal Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1991 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 1872493) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 39 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 39 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 67 out of 100. |
| Total | 67 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Barrett-Connor, E. L. (1991). Postmenopausal Estrogen and Prevention Bias. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-455
Vancouver
Barrett-Connor EL. Postmenopausal Estrogen and Prevention Bias. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1991. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-455. PMID: 1872493.
BibTeX
@article{barrettconnor1991-1872493,
author = {Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth L.},
title = {{Postmenopausal Estrogen and Prevention Bias}},
journal = {Annals of Internal Medicine},
year = {1991},
doi = {10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-455},
pmid = {1872493},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-455}
}
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