Home › Research › Tau biomarkers
Oxidants and the central nervous system: some fundamental questions. Is oxidant damage relevant to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic injury or stroke?
Halliwell B.. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1989-01-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Radicals are species containing one or more unpaired electrons. The oxygen radical superoxide (O2-) and the non-radical oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced during normal metabolism and perform several useful functions. Excessive production of O2- and H2O2 can result in tissue damage, which often involves generation of highly-reactive hydroxyl radical (.OH) and other oxidants in the presence of "catalytic" iron ions. A major form of antioxidant defence is the storage and transport of iron ions in forms that will not catalyze formation of reactive radicals. Tissue injury, eg. by ischaemia or trauma, can cause increased iron availability and accelerate free radical reactions. This may be especially important in the brain, since areas of this organ are rich in iron and cerebrospinal fluid cannot bind released iron ions. Oxidant stress upon nervous tissue can produce damage by several interacting mechanisms, including rises in intracellular free Ca2+ and, possibly, release of excitatory amino acids. Recent suggestions that iron-dependent free radical reactions are involved in the neurotoxicity of aluminium and in damage to the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease are reviewed. Finally, the nature of antioxidants is discussed, it being suggested that antioxidant enzymes and chelators of iron ions may be more generally-useful protective agents than chain-breaking antioxidants.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Halliwell, B. (1989). Oxidants and the central nervous system: some fundamental questions. Is oxidant damage relevant to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic injury or stroke? Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb01779.x
Vancouver
Halliwell B. Oxidants and the central nervous system: some fundamental questions. Is oxidant damage relevant to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic injury or stroke? Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 1989. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb01779.x. PMID: 2694733.
BibTeX
@article{halliwell1989-2694733,
author = {Halliwell, B.},
title = {{Oxidants and the central nervous system: some fundamental questions. Is oxidant damage relevant to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic injury or stroke?}},
journal = {Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum},
year = {1989},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb01779.x},
pmid = {2694733},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb01779.x}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Excessive production of O2- and H2O2 can result in tissue damage, which often involves generation of highly-reactive hydroxyl radical (.OH) and other oxidants in the presence of "catalytic" iron ions.
- Recent suggestions that iron-dependent free radical reactions are involved in the neurotoxicity of aluminium and in damage to the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease are reviewed.
- Finally, the nature of antioxidants is discussed, it being suggested that antioxidant enzymes and chelators of iron ions may be more generally-useful protective agents than chain-breaking antioxidants.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Blood tests & biomarkers →
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1989 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 2694733) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Related
Studies in the library that share something with this one. The line above each title says what.
Related studies in Tau biomarkers
Also tagged “injury”
4 studies in the library carry the topic tag “injury”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 4 tagged studies.