Home › Research › Getting a diagnosis
Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia
Lauren J. Hunt, R. Sean Morrison, Siqi Gan, Edie Espejo, W. John Boscardin, Rebecca A. Rodin, Katherine A. Ornstein, Alexander Kingsbury Smith. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2025-01-15
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Among people with dementia, predicted 1-year mortality was higher among those with hip fracture (35.4%) versus those without hip fracture (14.8%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 13.0%). Among people with dementia, function declined abruptly at time of hip fracture (-2.09 [95% CI -2.94, -1.25]) and continued to decline after (-0.48 [95% CI -0.87, -0.09]). There were similar patterns for pneumonia (drop at time of pneumonia of -1.49 [95% CI -2.0, -0.97] and after -0.05 [95% CI, -0.29, 0.19]). Compared to people without dementia with hip fracture, people with dementia had higher 1-year mortality (35.4%) versus people without dementia (24%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 39.7%). Function stabilized for people without dementia after hip fracture (-0.03, 95% CI -0.22, 0.16), which was significantly different than people without dementia (p < 0.0001). Function improved for people without dementia after pneumonia (0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.24), but was not statistically different than for people with dementia (p = 0.17). Disruptive events such as hip fracture or pneumonia substantially alter the clinical trajectories of people with dementia.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Hunt, L. J., Morrison, R. S., Gan, S., Espejo, E., Boscardin, W. J., Rodin, R. A., et al. (2025). Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19354
Vancouver
Hunt LJ, Morrison RS, Gan S, Espejo E, Boscardin WJ, Rodin RA, et al. Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2025. doi:10.1111/jgs.19354. PMID: 39812182.
BibTeX
@article{hunt2025-39812182,
author = {Hunt, Lauren J. and Morrison, R. Sean and Gan, Siqi and Espejo, Edie and Boscardin, W. John and Rodin, Rebecca A. and Ornstein, Katherine A. and Smith, Alexander Kingsbury},
title = {{Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia}},
journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1111/jgs.19354},
pmid = {39812182},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19354}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Among people with dementia, predicted 1-year mortality was higher among those with hip fracture (35.4%) versus those without hip fracture (14.8%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 13.0%).
- Among people with dementia, function declined abruptly at time of hip fracture (-2.09 [95% CI -2.94, -1.25]) and continued to decline after (-0.48 [95% CI -0.87, -0.09]).
- There were similar patterns for pneumonia (drop at time of pneumonia of -1.49 [95% CI -2.0, -0.97] and after -0.05 [95% CI, -0.29, 0.19]).
- Compared to people without dementia with hip fracture, people with dementia had higher 1-year mortality (35.4%) versus people without dementia (24%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 39.7%).
- Function stabilized for people without dementia after hip fracture (-0.03, 95% CI -0.22, 0.16), which was significantly different than people without dementia (p < 0.0001).
Why it matters
This study found that hip fracture or pneumonia substantially increases mortality and accelerates functional decline in people with dementia compared to those without. It highlights the impact of these events on clinical trajectories but does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Getting a diagnosis →
Study details
- Effect size35.4%; 14.8%; 49.6%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 44/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society: journal h-index 344 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 7 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 2.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 4.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 7 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Alexander Kingsbury Smith: h-index 45 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Johns Hopkins University: institution h-index 2,306 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 7 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39812182) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 44 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.
Related studies in Getting a diagnosis
Also tagged “delirium”
858 studies in the library carry the topic tag “delirium”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 858 tagged studies.