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56/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Genetics

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of progressive cognitive deterioration in patients with suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathology (SNAP) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We measured markers of amyloid pathology (CSF β-amyloid 42) and neurodegeneration (hippocampal volume on MRI and cortical metabolism on [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET) in 201 patients with MCI clinically followed for up to 6 years to detect progressive cognitive deterioration. We categorized patients with MCI as A+/A- and N+/N- based on presence/absence of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration. SNAPs were A-N+ cases. Results The proportion of progressors was 11% (8/41), 34% (14/41), 56% (19/34), and 71% (60/85) in A-N-, A+N-, SNAP, and A+N+, respectively; the proportion of APOE ε4 carriers was 29%, 70%, 31%, and 71%, respectively, with the SNAP group featuring a significantly different proportion than both A+N- and A+N+ groups (p ≤ 0.005). Hypometabolism in SNAP patients was comparable to A+N+ patients (p = 0.154), while hippocampal atrophy was more severe in SNAP patients (p = 0.002). Compared with A-N-, SNAP and A+N+ patients had significant risk of progressive cognitive deterioration (hazard ratio = 2.7 and 3.8, p = 0.016 and p Conclusions Our findings support the notion that patients with SNAP MCI feature a specific risk progression profile.

Key findings

Results The proportion of progressors was 11% (8/41), 34% (14/41), 56% (19/34), and 71% (60/85) in A-N-, A+N-, SNAP, and A+N+, respectively; the proportion of APOE ε4 carriers was 29%, 70%, 31%, and 71%, respectively, with the SNAP group featuring a significantly different proportion than both A+N- and A+N+ groups (p ≤ 0.005).
Compared with A-N-, SNAP and A+N+ patients had significant risk of progressive cognitive deterioration (hazard ratio = 2.7 and 3.8, p = 0.016 and p Conclusions Our findings support the notion that patients with SNAP MCI feature a specific risk progression profile.

Why it matters

Among people with mild cognitive impairment, those with suspected non-amyloid pathology (SNAP) had a higher risk of progressive cognitive decline than those with neither amyloid nor neurodegeneration markers. The SNAP group had more severe hippocampal atrophy than the group with both amyloid and neurodegeneration, and a different proportion of APOE ε4 carriers.

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Study details

Participants201
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 56/100

Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	9 / 10	Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology)
Journal's citation record	4 / 4	Neurology: journal h-index 525 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2015 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	2 / 4	201 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 140 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	10.8 citations a year over 13 year(s) since 2015
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 14.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	3 / 6	Cited by 16 other studies in this library
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 16 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	4 / 4	Last-listed author John C. Morris: h-index 209 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Karolinska Institutet: institution h-index 1,477 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 9 institution(s) in 6 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 25568301)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	56 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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APA 7th

Caroli, A., Prestia, A., Galluzzi, S., Ferrari, C., van der Flier, W. M., Ossenkoppele, R., et al. (2015). Mild cognitive impairment with suspected nonamyloid pathology (SNAP): Prediction of progression. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001209

Vancouver

Caroli A, Prestia A, Galluzzi S, Ferrari C, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R, et al. Mild cognitive impairment with suspected nonamyloid pathology (SNAP): Prediction of progression. Neurology. 2015. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001209. PMID: 25568301.

BibTeX

@article{caroli2015-25568301,
  author  = {Caroli, A. and Prestia, A. and Galluzzi, S. and Ferrari, C. and van der Flier, W. M. and Ossenkoppele, R. and Van Berckel, B. and Barkhof, F. and others},
  title   = {{Mild cognitive impairment with suspected nonamyloid pathology (SNAP): Prediction of progression}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year    = {2015},
  doi     = {10.1212/wnl.0000000000001209},
  pmid    = {25568301},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001209}
}

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