Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between celiac disease (CeD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the association between CeD and AD remains debated. Therefore, this study aims to explore the causal association between CeD and AD. This study utilized publicly available genome-wide association study datasets and performed bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using methods such as inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode. In the prospective analysis, the results indicated that genetic susceptibility to CeD was associated with a decreased risk of AD (IVW OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99, P = .03). However, no significant association was found between genetic susceptibility to AD and the risk of CeD (IVW OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.98-1.23, P = .11). The results of this bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to CeD and a reduced risk of AD but failed to reveal a causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and increased or decreased risk of CeD.
Key findings
- In the prospective analysis, the results indicated that genetic susceptibility to CeD was associated with a decreased risk of AD (IVW OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99, P = .03).
- However, no significant association was found between genetic susceptibility to AD and the risk of CeD (IVW OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.98-1.23, P = .11).
- The results of this bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to CeD and a reduced risk of AD but failed to reveal a causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and increased or decreased risk of CeD.
Why it matters
Genetic susceptibility to celiac disease was associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease, but no significant association was found between genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's and risk of celiac disease. This bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis suggests a causal relationship in one direction only.
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Study details
- Effect sizeOR = 0.97; OR = 1.11
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Medicine: journal h-index 285 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 3 / 3 | Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 0 / 7 | Cited 0 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.0 citations a year over 2 year(s) since 2026 |
| Impact for its field and year | 0 / 6 | Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 1 / 4 | Last-listed author Haofuzi Zhang: h-index 10 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Xi'an Jiaotong University: institution h-index 666 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41961648) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Yu, Z., Hao, L., & Zhang, H. (2026). Mendelian randomization study of genetic interactions between Alzheimer disease and celiac disease. Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000048320
Vancouver
Yu Z, Hao L, Zhang H. Mendelian randomization study of genetic interactions between Alzheimer disease and celiac disease. Medicine. 2026. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000048320. PMID: 41961648.
BibTeX
@article{yu2026-41961648,
author = {Yu, Zhong and Hao, Lu and Zhang, Haofuzi},
title = {{Mendelian randomization study of genetic interactions between Alzheimer disease and celiac disease}},
journal = {Medicine},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1097/md.0000000000048320},
pmid = {41961648},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000048320}
}
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