Impact of Peripheral Inflammation on Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Beltran-Velasco AI, Clemente-Suárez VJ.. International journal of molecular sciences, 2025-03-09
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating molecular exchange between the systemic circulation and the central nervous system. However, its dysfunction, often driven by peripheral inflammatory processes, has been increasingly linked to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis plays a key role in BBB integrity, with intestinal dysbiosis and chronic inflammation contributing to barrier disruption through immune and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the selective vulnerability of specific brain regions to BBB dysfunction appears to be influenced by regional differences in vascularization, metabolic activity, and permeability, making certain areas more susceptible to neurodegenerative processes. This review explored the molecular mechanisms linking peripheral inflammation, gut microbiota, and BBB dysfunction, emphasizing their role in neurodegeneration. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and Medline, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. The findings highlight a complex interplay between gut microbiota-derived metabolites, immune signaling, and BBB permeability, underscoring the need for targeted interventions such as microbiome modulation, anti-inflammatory therapies, and advanced drug delivery systems. The heterogeneity of the BBB across different brain regions necessitates the development of region-specific therapeutic strategies. Despite advancements, critical knowledge gaps persist regarding the precise mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction. Future research should leverage cutting-edge methodologies such as single-cell transcriptomics and organ-on-chip models to translate preclinical findings into effective clinical applications. Addressing these challenges will be crucial for developing personalized therapeutic approaches to mitigate the impact of BBB dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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APA 7th
Beltran-Velasco, A. I., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2025). Impact of Peripheral Inflammation on Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062440
Vancouver
Beltran-Velasco AI, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Impact of Peripheral Inflammation on Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences. 2025. doi:10.3390/ijms26062440. PMID: 40141084.
BibTeX
@article{beltranvelasco2025-40141084,
author = {Beltran-Velasco, A. I. and Clemente-Suárez, V. J.},
title = {{Impact of Peripheral Inflammation on Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases}},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26062440},
pmid = {40141084},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062440}
}
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Key findings
- Emerging evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis plays a key role in BBB integrity, with intestinal dysbiosis and chronic inflammation contributing to barrier disruption through immune and metabolic pathways.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 26 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (International journal of molecular sciences) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40141084) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 26 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 26 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100. |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
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