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Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a target for novel bipolar disorder treatments
Gould TD, Zarate CA, Manji HK.. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2004-01-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Plain-language summary
The enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a direct target of lithium. While originally recognized as an important molecule in a limited number of cellular processes, with unclear significance for the treatment of bipolar disorder, recent evidence suggests it has critically important cellular functions in the adult brain. GSK-3 has an essential role in a number of signaling pathways and regulates the function of a diverse number of proteins, notably transcription factors and cytoskeletal elements. The most important functions of the enzyme in regard to bipolar disorder may be critical effects on cellular resilience and neuronal plasticity. There is tremendous interest in GSK-3 inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents, and selective, small-molecule compounds are rapidly being developed for a broad range of other maladies including diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and inflammatory conditions. In this perspectives article, we provide an overview of the molecular targets of lithium, focusing on GSK-3-regulated signaling pathways and the important functions of GSK-3 that may have relevance for the treatment of bipolar disorder. We conclude with a discussion of the GSK-3 inhibitors furthest in development and the clinical trials that may emerge.
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APA 7th
Gould, T. D., Zarate, C. A., & Manji, H. K. (2004). Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a target for novel bipolar disorder treatments. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470052171.ch7
Vancouver
Gould TD, Zarate CA, Manji HK. Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a target for novel bipolar disorder treatments. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2004. doi:10.1002/0470052171.ch7. PMID: 14744163.
BibTeX
@article{gould2004-14744163,
author = {Gould, T. D. and Zarate, C. A. and Manji, H. K.},
title = {{Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a target for novel bipolar disorder treatments}},
journal = {The Journal of clinical psychiatry},
year = {2004},
doi = {10.1002/0470052171.ch7},
pmid = {14744163},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/0470052171.ch7}
}
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Key findings
- We conclude with a discussion of the GSK-3 inhibitors furthest in development and the clinical trials that may emerge.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of clinical psychiatry) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2004 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 14744163) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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