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Gender differences in cognitive reserve: implication for subjective cognitive decline in women
Giulia Giacomucci, Salvatore Mazzeo, Sonia Padiglioni, Silvia Bagnoli, Laura Belloni, Camilla Ferrari, Laura Bracco, Benedetta Nacmias et al.. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2021-10-08
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
The proportion between women and men was significantly different (68.7% [95% CI 63.9-73.4 vs 31.4%, 95% CI 26.6-36.0]). Women were younger than men at onset of SCD and at the baseline visit (p = 0.021), had lower years of education (p = 0.007), lower TIB scores (p < 0.001), and higher MAC-Q scores (p = 0.012). TIB was directly associated with age at onset of SCD in both women and men, while years of education was inversely associated with age at onset only in women. Multivariate analysis showed that sex influences TIB independently from years of education. TIB was directly associated with MAC-Q in men. Sex interacts with premorbid intelligence and education level in influencing the age at onset and the severity of SCD. As the effect of education was different between men and women, we speculated that education might act as a minor contributor of cognitive reserve in women.
Key findings
- The proportion between women and men was significantly different (68.7% [95% CI 63.9-73.4 vs 31.4%, 95% CI 26.6-36.0]).
- Women were younger than men at onset of SCD and at the baseline visit (p = 0.021), had lower years of education (p = 0.007), lower TIB scores (p < 0.001), and higher MAC-Q scores (p = 0.012).
- TIB was directly associated with age at onset of SCD in both women and men, while years of education was inversely associated with age at onset only in women.
- Multivariate analysis showed that sex influences TIB independently from years of education.
- TIB was directly associated with MAC-Q in men.
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Study details
- Participants381
- Effect size68.7%; 31.4%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 54/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 30 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 54 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 381 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34625855) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 30 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 30 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 54 out of 100. |
| Total | 54 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Giacomucci, G., Mazzeo, S., Padiglioni, S., Bagnoli, S., Belloni, L., Ferrari, C., et al. (2022). Gender differences in cognitive reserve: implication for subjective cognitive decline in women. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05644-x
Vancouver
Giacomucci G, Mazzeo S, Padiglioni S, Bagnoli S, Belloni L, Ferrari C, et al. Gender differences in cognitive reserve: implication for subjective cognitive decline in women. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2022. doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05644-x. PMID: 34625855.
BibTeX
@article{giacomucci2022-34625855,
author = {Giacomucci, Giulia and Mazzeo, Salvatore and Padiglioni, Sonia and Bagnoli, Silvia and Belloni, Laura and Ferrari, Camilla and Bracco, Laura and Nacmias, Benedetta and others},
title = {{Gender differences in cognitive reserve: implication for subjective cognitive decline in women}},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1007/s10072-021-05644-x},
pmid = {34625855},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05644-x}
}
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