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Exploring sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive analysis of a large patient cohort from a memory unit
Maitée Rosende‐Roca, Fernando García‐Gutiérrez, Yahveth Cantero‐Fortiz, Montserrat Alegret, Vanesa Pytel, Pilar Cañabate, Antonio González‐Pérez, Itziar de Rojas et al.. Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, 2025-01-22
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
The study cohort comprised a total of 6108 individuals diagnosed with AD dementia during the study period (28.4% males and 71.6% females). MMSE scores exhibited an average decline of approximately two units per year, unaffected by sex. Similarly, the decline in most neuropsychological functions assessed by NBACE did not exhibit significant differences between males and females. However, we observed that women diagnosed with mild AD dementia progressed more rapidly based on their CDR score (HR = 2.57, 95%CI:2.33-2.84) than men (HR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.71-2.41) (p-interaction = 0.01). Our findings do not strongly support the notion that sex significantly modifies the clinical progression of AD dementia based on cognitive data. Further research is essential to validate whether women with mild AD dementia indeed progress more rapidly than men at a similar stage and to delve into the potential underlying reasons for this finding.
Key findings
- The study cohort comprised a total of 6108 individuals diagnosed with AD dementia during the study period (28.4% males and 71.6% females).
- MMSE scores exhibited an average decline of approximately two units per year, unaffected by sex.
- Similarly, the decline in most neuropsychological functions assessed by NBACE did not exhibit significant differences between males and females.
- However, we observed that women diagnosed with mild AD dementia progressed more rapidly based on their CDR score (HR = 2.57, 95%CI:2.33-2.84) than men (HR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.71-2.41) (p-interaction = 0.01).
- Our findings do not strongly support the notion that sex significantly modifies the clinical progression of AD dementia based on cognitive data.
Why it matters
In a large memory unit cohort, cognitive decline was largely similar between men and women with Alzheimer's dementia, though women with mild dementia progressed faster on one measure. The authors say their findings do not strongly support sex significantly modifying clinical progression and call for further research.
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Study details
- Participants6,108
- Effect size28.4%; 71.6%; HR = 2.57
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 54/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s Research & Therapy) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Alzheimer s Research & Therapy: journal h-index 146 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 6,108 participants |
| Effect reported | 3 / 3 | Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 3 / 7 | Cited 29 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 9.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 18.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 29 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Marta Marquié: h-index 43 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Instituto de Salud Carlos III: institution h-index 649 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39844303) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 54 / 100 | — |
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Read the original
- DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01656-9
- PubMed: 39844303
- Original source →
- Free full text: Alzheimer s Research & Therapy →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Rosende‐Roca, M., García‐Gutiérrez, F., Cantero‐Fortiz, Y., Alegret, M., Pytel, V., Cañabate, P., et al. (2025). Exploring sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive analysis of a large patient cohort from a memory unit. Alzheimer s Research & Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01656-9
Vancouver
Rosende‐Roca M, García‐Gutiérrez F, Cantero‐Fortiz Y, Alegret M, Pytel V, Cañabate P, et al. Exploring sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive analysis of a large patient cohort from a memory unit. Alzheimer s Research & Therapy. 2025. doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01656-9. PMID: 39844303.
BibTeX
@article{rosenderoca2025-39844303,
author = {Rosende‐Roca, Maitée and García‐Gutiérrez, Fernando and Cantero‐Fortiz, Yahveth and Alegret, Montserrat and Pytel, Vanesa and Cañabate, Pilar and González‐Pérez, Antonio and de Rojas, Itziar and others},
title = {{Exploring sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive analysis of a large patient cohort from a memory unit}},
journal = {Alzheimer s Research \& Therapy},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-024-01656-9},
pmid = {39844303},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01656-9}
}
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