Home › Research › Digital health tools
Comparison of dementia risk after age 50 between individuals with and without HIV infection
Lam JO, Hou CE, Hojilla JC, Anderson AN, Gilsanz P, Alexeeff SE, Levine-Hall T, Hood N et al.. AIDS (London, England), 2021-04-01
Topic: Health services, long-term care and technology
Plain-language summary
Objective To compare risk of dementia after age 50 by HIV status among individuals in a primary care setting. Design Observational cohort study; participants were identified from 2013 to 2017 and followed through 2019. Methods Participants were people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and demographically similar people without HIV (PWOH), all at least 50 years old and with no prior diagnosis of dementia. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States. Incident dementia diagnoses and baseline data on sociodemographics, smoking, alcohol use, other substance use, and clinical factors were gathered from the electronic health record. Cumulative proportion of incident dementia by HIV status was assessed using Kaplan--Meier curves. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for incident dementia by HIV status were generated using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale. Results The study included 5381 PWH and 119 022 PWOH (average age at baseline: 57 and 58 years, respectively). Incident dementia was diagnosed in 117 PWH and 2427 PWOH. By age 80, 25.8% of PWH and 13.8% of PWOH had been diagnosed with dementia, corresponding with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 1.98 (95% CI 1.64-2.39). After adjustment for sociodemographic, substance use, and clinical factors, including frequency of outpatient visits, the risk of dementia among PWH remained elevated (vs. PWOH, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% CI 1.31-1.92). Conclusion Compared with PWOH, PWH were at 58% higher risk for dementia despite HIV treatment with ART. Research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of targeted risk factor management or earlier cognitive screening in this population.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Lam, J. O., Hou, C. E., Hojilla, J. C., Anderson, A. N., Gilsanz, P., Alexeeff, S. E., et al. (2021). Comparison of dementia risk after age 50 between individuals with and without HIV infection. AIDS (London, England). https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002806
Vancouver
Lam JO, Hou CE, Hojilla JC, Anderson AN, Gilsanz P, Alexeeff SE, et al. Comparison of dementia risk after age 50 between individuals with and without HIV infection. AIDS (London, England). 2021. doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002806. PMID: 33394681.
BibTeX
@article{lam2021-33394681,
author = {Lam, J. O. and Hou, C. E. and Hojilla, J. C. and Anderson, A. N. and Gilsanz, P. and Alexeeff, S. E. and Levine-Hall, T. and Hood, N. and others},
title = {{Comparison of dementia risk after age 50 between individuals with and without HIV infection}},
journal = {AIDS (London, England)},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1097/qad.0000000000002806},
pmid = {33394681},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002806}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Results The study included 5381 PWH and 119 022 PWOH (average age at baseline: 57 and 58 years, respectively).
- Conclusion Compared with PWOH, PWH were at 58% higher risk for dementia despite HIV treatment with ART.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Digital health →
Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants5,381
- Effect size25.8%; 13.8%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 69/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 40 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 69 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (AIDS (London, England)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 5,381 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 33394681) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 40 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 40 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 69 out of 100. |
| Total | 69 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Related
Studies in the library that share something with this one. The line above each title says what.
Related studies in Digital health tools from nearby years
Also tagged “costs”
265 studies in the library carry the topic tag “costs”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 265 tagged studies.