This page is alzhub.org's plain-English summary of a published study, not the paper itself. It is generated from the record we hold for this study, sourced and linked below — check the original for the full text and methods.

51/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Biomarkers

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Aim Dementia in Alzheimer´s disease is a global challenge. There is growing evidence that investigating blood biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer´s disease is a promising fast, minimally invasive, and less costly method. The aim of this study was to review available studies on promising biomarkers for Alzheimer´s disease. Method The latest studies were collated for this review. Results Immunoassays followed by mass spectrometry and immunomagnetic reduction were reported to be highly relevant methods for detecting amyloid-ß 42 (Aß42) and amyloid-ß 40 (Aß40) to calculate the Aß42/Aß40 ratio, thereby improving the early diagnosis of Alzheimer´s disease. Amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides in blood plasma were considered as potential markers, as they correlated with the brain's Aß pathology. Phosphorylated tau protein 181 (p-tau181), phosphorylated tau protein 217 (p-tau217) and phosphorylated tau protein 231 (p-tau231) in blood samples assessed via Simoa technology served as parameters for the early and differential diagnosis of AD, and were markers of tau pathology in the brain. Neurofilament light chain (Nfl) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were additional markers possibly facilitating the assessment of axonal and astroglial brain damage in Alzheimer´s disease. GFAP in blood was useful as an additional marker to detect early and to predict the time course of Alzheimer´s disease. Conclusions Determining blood biomarkers represents less invasive and less costly diagnostics for Alzheimer´s disease. The investigation of blood biomarkers such as the Aß42/Aß40 ratio, p-tau217, p-tau231, Nfl and GFAP have been promising in establishing the AT(N) classification for Alzheimer´s disease. High-throughput methods should be evaluated in large patient cohort studies and via meta-analyses of studies. Consensus criteria with standard protocols for measuring these biomarkers while considering ethical issues and Alzheimer´s phenotype should unify normative values from different laboratories. The AT(N) classification of Alzheimer´s disease in blood would be a key element towards the implementation of minimally-invasive precision medicine.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Hansen, N., Rauter, C., & Wiltfang, J. (2022). [Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1839-6237

Vancouver

Hansen N, Rauter C, Wiltfang J. [Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie. 2022. doi:10.1055/a-1839-6237. PMID: 35858611.

BibTeX

@article{hansen2022-35858611,
  author  = {Hansen, N. and Rauter, C. and Wiltfang, J.},
  title   = {{[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]}},
  journal = {Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1055/a-1839-6237},
  pmid    = {35858611},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1839-6237}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

Key findings

Results Immunoassays followed by mass spectrometry and immunomagnetic reduction were reported to be highly relevant methods for detecting amyloid-ß 42 (Aß42) and amyloid-ß 40 (Aß40) to calculate the Aß42/Aß40 ratio, thereby improving the early diagnosis of Alzheimer´s disease.

Why it matters

This review reports that blood tests for the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, phosphorylated tau forms, NfL, and GFAP are promising for early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It concerns diagnosis only and does not address treating, curing, or preventing the disease.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Blood tests & biomarkers →

Study details

Study designmeta-analysis
Evidence strengthHigh

How this study scored 51/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a meta-analysis pooling many studies. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and studied in people because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie)
Journal's citation record	0 / 4	Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie: journal h-index 48 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	12 / 12	A meta-analysis pooling many studies
Strength of evidence	5 / 5	Rated “high” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	3 / 5	2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here
Times cited	2 / 7	Cited 10 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	1 / 5	1.7 citations a year over 6 year(s) since 2022
Impact for its field and year	2 / 6	Cited 1.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 8 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Jens Wiltfang: h-index 95 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	University of Göttingen: institution h-index 934 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35858611)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	51 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — Unpaywall lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 10 Oct 2026).

Studies this one cites

Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here. Showing 12 of 20.

Related studies in Biomarkers

Also tagged “cerebrospinal”

821 studies in the library carry the topic tag “cerebrospinal”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 821 tagged studies.

Similar studies

More on Biomarkers

See all studies in Biomarkers →