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37/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 37 out of 100. Genetics

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Participants did not differ significantly based on sex. LOAD+MCI participants were slightly older at last clinical exam than non-LOAD or unclear participants (83.9 vs 81.5 and 81.2 years, respectively; chi-square, p = 0.058). We observed significantly higher TCR sequence diversity in the non-LOAD group compared to the LOAD-MCI group (p = 0.027). However, the association was not significant after adjusting for age and sex. Clustering results showed moderate agreement with clinical diagnoses (adjusted rand index up to 0.4), and incorporating APOE genotypes enhanced the performance. The addition of age as a variable, which has been demonstrated to be related to both LOAD risk and TCR diversity, reduced the clustering agreement slightly. Decreased TCR diversity is marginally associated with having LOAD or MCI. Our ongoing work focuses on applying ML approaches to TCR CD3 amino acid sequences to identify disease-associated clonotypes and develop predictive models for LOAD diagnosis.

Key findings

Participants did not differ significantly based on sex.
LOAD+MCI participants were slightly older at last clinical exam than non-LOAD or unclear participants (83.9 vs 81.5 and 81.2 years, respectively; chi-square, p = 0.058).
We observed significantly higher TCR sequence diversity in the non-LOAD group compared to the LOAD-MCI group (p = 0.027).
However, the association was not significant after adjusting for age and sex.
Clustering results showed moderate agreement with clinical diagnoses (adjusted rand index up to 0.4), and incorporating APOE genotypes enhanced the performance.

Why it matters

This study found that decreased T-cell receptor diversity was only marginally associated with having Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, and the association was not significant after adjusting for age and sex. These are preliminary findings, and the work is ongoing to develop predictive models for diagnosis.

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Study details

Participants22
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 37/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	Alzheimer s & Dementia: journal h-index 228 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	1 / 4	22 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	0 / 7	Cited 0 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	0 / 5	0.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	0 / 6	Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	0 / 4	Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Dana C. Crawford: h-index 65 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Case Western Reserve University: institution h-index 1,159 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41436364)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	37 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

APA 7th

Cruz, L. A., Liu, S., Miskimen, K. L. S., Song, Y. E., Laux, R. A., Lerner, A. J., et al. (2025). Application of supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches to identify somatic T‐cell receptor sequence variation in Alzheimer disease among Midwestern Amish. Alzheimer s & Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70855_102239

Vancouver

Cruz LA, Liu S, Miskimen KLS, Song YE, Laux RA, Lerner AJ, et al. Application of supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches to identify somatic T‐cell receptor sequence variation in Alzheimer disease among Midwestern Amish. Alzheimer s & Dementia. 2025. doi:10.1002/alz70855_102239. PMID: 41436364.

BibTeX

@article{cruz2025-41436364,
  author  = {Cruz, Lauren A. and Liu, Shiying and Miskimen, Kristy L. S. and Song, Yeunjoo E. and Laux, Reneé A. and Lerner, Alan J. and Lynn, Audrey H. and Fuzzell, Sarada L. and others},
  title   = {{Application of supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches to identify somatic T‐cell receptor sequence variation in Alzheimer disease among Midwestern Amish}},
  journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1002/alz70855_102239},
  pmid    = {41436364},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70855_102239}
}

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