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Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and their current use in clinical research and practice
Hunter TR, Santos LE, Tovar-Moll F, De Felice FG.. Molecular psychiatry, 2024-09-04
Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers
Plain-language summary
While blood-based tests are readily available for various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and common cancers, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases lack an early blood-based screening test that can be used in primary care. Major efforts have been made towards the investigation of approaches that may lead to minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reliable tests capable of measuring brain pathological status. Here, we review past and current technologies developed to investigate biomarkers of AD, including novel blood-based approaches and the more established cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers of disease. The utility of blood as a source of AD-related biomarkers in both clinical practice and interventional trials is discussed, supported by a comprehensive list of clinical trials for AD drugs and interventions that list biomarkers as primary or secondary endpoints. We highlight that identifying individuals in early preclinical AD using blood-based biomarkers will improve clinical trials and the optimization of therapeutic treatments as they become available. Lastly, we discuss challenges that remain in the field and address new approaches being developed, such as the examination of cargo packaged within extracellular vesicles of neuronal origin isolated from peripheral blood.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Hunter, T. R., Santos, L. E., Tovar-Moll, F., & De Felice, F. G. (2025). Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and their current use in clinical research and practice. Molecular psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02709-z
Vancouver
Hunter TR, Santos LE, Tovar-Moll F, De Felice FG. Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and their current use in clinical research and practice. Molecular psychiatry. 2025. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02709-z. PMID: 39232196.
BibTeX
@article{hunter2025-39232196,
author = {Hunter, T. R. and Santos, L. E. and Tovar-Moll, F. and De Felice, F. G.},
title = {{Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and their current use in clinical research and practice}},
journal = {Molecular psychiatry},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1038/s41380-024-02709-z},
pmid = {39232196},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02709-z}
}
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Key findings
- Major efforts have been made towards the investigation of approaches that may lead to minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reliable tests capable of measuring brain pathological status.
- Here, we review past and current technologies developed to investigate biomarkers of AD, including novel blood-based approaches and the more established cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers of disease.
- The utility of blood as a source of AD-related biomarkers in both clinical practice and interventional trials is discussed, supported by a comprehensive list of clinical trials for AD drugs and interventions that list biomarkers as primary or secondary endpoints.
- We highlight that identifying individuals in early preclinical AD using blood-based biomarkers will improve clinical trials and the optimization of therapeutic treatments as they become available.
- Lastly, we discuss challenges that remain in the field and address new approaches being developed, such as the examination of cargo packaged within extracellular vesicles of neuronal origin isolated from peripheral blood.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 26 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Molecular psychiatry) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39232196) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 26 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 26 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100. |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
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