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Age and education effects and norms on a cognitive test battery from a population-based cohort: the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team
Ganguli M, Snitz BE, Lee CW, Vanderbilt J, Saxton JA, Chang CC.. Aging & mental health, 2010-01-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objectives Performance on cognitive tests can be affected by age, education, and also selection bias. We examined the distribution of scores on several cognitive screening tests by age and educational levels in a population-based cohort. Method An age-stratified random sample of individuals aged 65+ years was drawn from the electoral rolls of an urban US community.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Ganguli, M., Snitz, B. E., Lee, C. W., Vanderbilt, J., Saxton, J. A., & Chang, C. C. (2010). Age and education effects and norms on a cognitive test battery from a population-based cohort: the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team. Aging & mental health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860903071014
Vancouver
Ganguli M, Snitz BE, Lee CW, Vanderbilt J, Saxton JA, Chang CC. Age and education effects and norms on a cognitive test battery from a population-based cohort: the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team. Aging & mental health. 2010. doi:10.1080/13607860903071014. PMID: 20155526.
BibTeX
@article{ganguli2010-20155526,
author = {Ganguli, M. and Snitz, B. E. and Lee, C. W. and Vanderbilt, J. and Saxton, J. A. and Chang, C. C.},
title = {{Age and education effects and norms on a cognitive test battery from a population-based cohort: the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team}},
journal = {Aging \& mental health},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1080/13607860903071014},
pmid = {20155526},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860903071014}
}
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Key findings
- We examined the distribution of scores on several cognitive screening tests by age and educational levels in a population-based cohort.
- Method An age-stratified random sample of individuals aged 65+ years was drawn from the electoral rolls of an urban US community.
- Those obtaining age and education-corrected scores > or = 21/30 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were designated as cognitively normal or only mildly impaired, and underwent a full assessment including a battery of neuropsychological tests.
- Participants were also rated on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale.
Why it matters
Scores on memory and thinking tests can shift with a person's age and years of schooling, so a score means more when it is compared with people of similar age and education. This study looked at how scores on several cognitive screening tests vary by age and education in a random, age-stratified sample of people aged 65 and over from an urban US community. People who scored at least 21/30 on the MMSE after age and education correction then took a fuller set of tests and were rated on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. The study is about reading test scores correctly, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's.
Study details
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 42/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Aging & mental health) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Aging & Mental Health: journal h-index 153 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2010 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 142 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 7.9 citations a year over 18 year(s) since 2010 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 6.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 7 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 11 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Chung‐Chou H. Chang: h-index 57 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Pittsburgh: institution h-index 1,470 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 20155526) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 42 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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