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A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads
Braak E, Braak H, Mandelkow EM.. Acta neuropathologica, 1994-01-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Frontal sections of the temporal lobe including the transentorhinal/entorhinal region, amygdala, and/or hippocampus from human adult brains are studied for cytoskeleton changes using immunostaining with the antibodies AT8 and Alz-50 and selective silver impregnation methods for neurofibrillary changes of the Alzheimer type. For the purpose of correlation, the two methods are carried out one after the other on the same section. Layer pre-alpha in the transentorhinal/entorhinal region harbours nerve cells which are among the first nerve cells in the entire brain to show the development of neurofibrillary changes.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Braak, E., Braak, H., & Mandelkow, E. M. (1994). A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Acta neuropathologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00293315
Vancouver
Braak E, Braak H, Mandelkow EM. A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Acta neuropathologica. 1994. doi:10.1007/bf00293315. PMID: 7522386.
BibTeX
@article{braak1994-7522386,
author = {Braak, E. and Braak, H. and Mandelkow, E. M.},
title = {{A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads}},
journal = {Acta neuropathologica},
year = {1994},
doi = {10.1007/bf00293315},
pmid = {7522386},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00293315}
}
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Key findings
- For the purpose of correlation, the two methods are carried out one after the other on the same section.
- Layer pre-alpha in the transentorhinal/entorhinal region harbours nerve cells which are among the first nerve cells in the entire brain to show the development of neurofibrillary changes.
- This presents the opportunity for study of both early events in the destruction of the cytoskeleton in individual neurons, and to relate changes which occur in the neuronal processes in the absence of alterations in their immediate surroundings to those happening in the soma.
- Immunoreactions with the AT8 antibody in particular reveal a clear sequence of changes in the neuronal cytoskeleton.
Why it matters
This study describes the sequence of cytoskeleton changes that occur as neurofibrillary tangles form in specific brain regions. It identifies layer pre-alpha in the transentorhinal/entorhinal region as containing some of the first nerve cells in the brain to develop these changes, offering a way to study early events in individual neurons.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 53/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Acta neuropathologica) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Acta Neuropathologica: journal h-index 287 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1994 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 759 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 22.3 citations a year over 34 year(s) since 1994 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 16.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 4 / 6 | Cited by 31 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 50 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Eva‐Maria Mandelkow: h-index 122 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Goethe University Frankfurt: institution h-index 958 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 7522386) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 53 / 100 | — |
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