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A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly: the Geriatric Mental State Schedule: I. Development and reliability
J. R. M. Copeland, Michael Kelleher, J. M. Kellett, Annabelle J. Gourlay, Barry J. Gurland, Joseph L. Fleiss, Lawrence Sharpe. Psychological Medicine, 1976-08-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
A standardized, semi-structured interview for examining and recording the mental state in elderly subjects is described. It allows the classification of patients by symptom profile and can demonstrate changes in that profile over time. It is believed that good reliability is demonstrated between psychiatric raters both for psychiatric diagnosis made on the basis of the schedule findings and for individual items. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS) consists mainly of items from the eighth edition of the PSE (Wing et al. 1967), together with additional items from the PSS (Spitzer et al. 1964), and extra sections dealing with disorientation and other cognitive abnormalities. Modifications have been introduced to facilitate interviewing elderly subjects.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Copeland, J. R. M., Kelleher, M., Kellett, J. M., Gourlay, A. J., Gurland, B. J., Fleiss, J. L., et al. (1976). A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly: the Geriatric Mental State Schedule: I. Development and reliability. Psychological Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700015889
Vancouver
Copeland JRM, Kelleher M, Kellett JM, Gourlay AJ, Gurland BJ, Fleiss JL, et al. A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly: the Geriatric Mental State Schedule: I. Development and reliability. Psychological Medicine. 1976. doi:10.1017/s0033291700015889. PMID: 996204.
BibTeX
@article{copeland1976-996204,
author = {Copeland, J. R. M. and Kelleher, Michael and Kellett, J. M. and Gourlay, Annabelle J. and Gurland, Barry J. and Fleiss, Joseph L. and Sharpe, Lawrence},
title = {{A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly: the Geriatric Mental State Schedule: I. Development and reliability}},
journal = {Psychological Medicine},
year = {1976},
doi = {10.1017/s0033291700015889},
pmid = {996204},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700015889}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Why it matters
Describes the Geriatric Mental State Schedule, a standardized, semi-structured interview for recording the mental state of older people, with sections on disorientation and other cognitive problems. The authors believe it shows good reliability between psychiatric raters.
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on strength of evidence, so that was left out: it earned 38 of the 95 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Psychological Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Psychological Medicine: journal h-index 331 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | — / 5 | No evidence rating recorded — left out of this score |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1976 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 707 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 13.6 citations a year over 52 year(s) since 1976 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 3.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 4 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Lawrence Sharpe: h-index 20 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Maudsley Hospital: institution h-index 277 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 996204) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 38 / 95 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 38 of the 95 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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