The positive association of choline for cognition has been reported in both animal and human studies, yet the associations of choline with the risks of incident dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans is unclear. 4 key findings →
Participants: 3,224
Evidence: moderate
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Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing disease of our time. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
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The average CHADS2 score was 3.3 ± 1.3. After a diagnosis of dementia, 405 individuals (16%) persisted on warfarin therapy. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 2,572
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Stroke
·
2025-03-10
We identified 1143 dementia-free individuals with acute stroke during follow-up: 1061 (92.8%) ischemic, 82 (7.2%) hemorrhagic, 49.9% female, and 30.8% Black. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Compared with individuals with the APOEepsilon3/epsilon3, the odds of having AD were significantly increased among those with 1 or more copies of the epsilon4 allele; the odds ratio (OR) for the epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3.7), and the OR for the epsilon4/epsilon4 genotype was 10.5 (95% CI, 5.1-21.8). 3 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 338
Evidence: moderate
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We compared two methods of diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI): conventional Petersen/Winblad criteria as operationalized by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and an actuarial neuropsychological method put forward by Jak and Bondi designed to balance sensitivity and reliability. 1,150 ADNI participants were diagnosed at baseline as cognitively normal (CN) or MCI via ADNI criteria (MCI: n = 846; CN: n = 304) or Jak/Bondi criteria (MCI: n = 401; CN: n = 749), and the two MCI samples were submitted to cluster and discriminant function analyses. 2 key findings →
Participants: 846
Evidence: low
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The mechanisms underpinning concussion, traumatic brain injury, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and the relationships between these disorders, are poorly understood. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
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58/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100.
·
Neuropsychology
·
2007-03-01
The authors used mixed-effects growth models to examine longitudinal change in neuropsychological performance over a 4-year period among 197 individuals who were either normal or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 33
Evidence: moderate
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Amyloid PET imaging has been crucial for detecting the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the brain and to study Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 key findings →
Participants: 13,409
Evidence: low
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57/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2014-04-04
Mean IGF-1 levels were 144 ± 60 μg/L in generation 1 and 114 ± 37 μg/L in generation 2. 3 key findings →
Participants: 789
Evidence: low
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The Risk Evaluation and Education for Alzheimer Disease study provides an instructive example of a process to develop risk assessment protocols that are sensitive to the implications of genetic testing for multiple ethnic groups with differing levels of risk. 1 key finding →
Evidence: high
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White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of older people. 1 key finding →
Evidence: low
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These findings contribute to the understanding of preclinical familial Alzheimer's disease and help set the stage for assessment of amyloid-modifying treatments in the prevention of familial Alzheimer's disease. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: moderate
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Central auditory speech-processing deficits may be an early manifestation of probable Alzheimer's disease and may precede the onset of dementia diagnosis by many years. 1 key finding →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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57/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2025-01-01
AF is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, chronic kidney disease, and mortality. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
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Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
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Dementia is an increasing focus for policymakers, civil organizations and multidisciplinary researchers. 5 key findings →
Design: narrative review
Evidence: low
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Midlife serum total cholesterol was associated with an increased risk of AD and VaD. 3 key findings →
Participants: 9,844
Evidence: moderate
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The proposed method offers a fully automated procedure, providing an opportunity to develop an inexpensive, broadly accessible, and easy-to-administer screening tool for MCI-to-AD progression prediction, facilitating development of remote assessment. 1 key finding →
Participants: 166
Evidence: low
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57/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100.
·
BMC medicine
·
2007-07-19
We observed that simvastatin is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of dementia in subjects > or =65 years, using any of three models. 5 key findings →
Participants: 700,000
Evidence: low
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Progression of Alzheimer dementia (AD) is highly variable. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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The final Dementia Screening Indicator included age (1 point/year; ages, 65-79 years), less than 12 years of education (9 points), stroke (6 points), diabetes mellitus (3 points), body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m(2) (8 points), requiring assistance with money or medications (10 points), and depressive symptoms (6 points). 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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57/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2015-05-06
The sample included dementia-free participants (mean age 40 ± 9 years; 53% women) of the Framingham Heart Study third-generation cohort with cognitive testing of memory, abstract reasoning, visual perception, attention, and executive function (n = 2,126). 4 key findings →
Participants: 2,126
Evidence: moderate
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57/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-11-01
Mid-life stroke risk factors have been related to late-life cognitive impairment. 4 key findings →
Participants: 1,841
Evidence: moderate
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Cross-ancestry sex-stratified analyses identified several loci with evidence of interaction (p 0.05). 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 25,284
Evidence: high
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 28,580 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.