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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 401–425 of 868 studies in Inflammation and the immune system (page 17 of 35) · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Inflammation and the immune system” covers

Inflammation and the immune system — The brain's immune cells and inflammatory signals, and their role in how Alzheimer's starts and progresses.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

HIV-1, macrophages, glial cells, and cytokines in AIDS nervous system disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1991-07-01

Hallmarks of central nervous system (CNS) disease in AIDS patients are headaches, fever, subtle cognitive changes, abnormal reflexes, and ataxia. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Characterization of chemokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: physiopathological implications

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Journal of neurochemistry 2002-09-01

Chemokines represent key factors in the outburst of the immune response, by activating and directing the leukocyte traffic, both in lymphopoiesis and in immune surveillance. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Dynamic changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in microglia after PPAR-γ agonist neuroprotective treatment in the MPTPp mouse model of progressive Parkinson's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Neurobiology of disease 2014-08-15

Neuroinflammatory changes play a pivotal role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Neuritic beading induced by activated microglia is an early feature of neuronal dysfunction toward neuronal death by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and axonal transport

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. The Journal of biological chemistry 2005-01-07

Recent studies suggest that excitotoxicity may contribute to neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Microglia express CCR5, CXCR4, and CCR3, but of these, CCR5 is the principal coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dementia isolates

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Journal of virology 1999-01-01

Microglia are the main human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir in the central nervous system and most likely play a major role in the development of HIV dementia (HIVD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Presence of T-cytotoxic suppressor and leucocyte common antigen positive cells in Alzheimer's disease brain tissue

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Neuroscience letters 1988-09-01

Cells expressing leucocyte common antigen (LCA) as well as T-cytotoxic-suppressor (T8) and T-helper-inducer (T4) antigens were detected in significant numbers in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of Alzheimer but not normal brain tissue. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Influence of HAART on HIV-related CNS disease and neuroinflammation

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 2005-06-01

Neuroinflammation has an established link with AIDS-related dementia but has not been investigated in the post-highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) era. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

MHC class II-positive microglia in human brain: association with Alzheimer lesions

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Journal of neuroscience research 1992-12-01

Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) present foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Human TBK1: A Gatekeeper of Neuroinflammation

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Trends in molecular medicine 2016-06-01

The importance of TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1), a multimeric kinase that modulates inflammation and autophagy, in human health has been highlighted for the first time by the recent discoveries of mutations in TBK1 that underlie amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) or childhood herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

In vivo microglia activation in very early dementia with Lewy bodies, comparison with Parkinson's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Parkinsonism & related disorders 2012-07-26

Reactive microgliosis, hallmark of neuroinflammation, may contribute to neuronal degeneration, as shown in several neurodegenerative diseases. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Alzheimer's disease as an inflammatory disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Biomolecular concepts 2017-03-01

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the formation of amyloid-β plaques, aggregated and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, activated microglia and neuronal cell death, ultimately leading to progressive dementia. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Dementia: What Can Be Learned from Animal Models of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion?

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Molecular neurobiology 2016-05-20

Vascular dementia (VD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease of cognitive decline, attributable to cerebrovascular factors. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Increased binding of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in Alzheimer's disease measured by positron emission tomography with [11C]DAA1106

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Biological psychiatry 2008-06-02

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been discussed in relation to the role of gliosis in AD. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebral microvascular amyloid beta protein deposition induces vascular degeneration and neuroinflammation in transgenic mice expressing human vasculotropic mutant amyloid beta precursor protein

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. The American journal of pathology 2005-08-01

Cerebral vascular amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) deposition, also known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, is a common pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Upregulated astrocyte HDAC7 induces Alzheimer-like tau pathologies via deacetylating transcription factor-EB and inhibiting lysosome biogenesis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Molecular Neurodegeneration 2025-01-13

Here, we found that the level of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) was remarkably increased in the astrocytes of AD patients and P301S tau transgenic (PS19) mice. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed