70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2016-09-01
Pooled clinical and neuropathologic data from 3 prospective cohort studies indicate that TBI with LOC is associated with risk for Lewy body accumulation, progression of parkinsonism, and PD, but not dementia, AD, neuritic plaques, or neurofibrillary tangles. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 7,130
Evidence: moderate
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Cancer survivors had a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease than those without cancer, and patients with Alzheimer's disease had a lower risk of incident cancer. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,278
Evidence: moderate
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This review suggests a substantial proportion of patients with heart failure have concomitant cognitive problems. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 8,411
Evidence: high
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
JAMA Neurology
·
2025-07-01
A total of 7731 participants were included in analysis of risk factors measured at age 45 to 54 years (4494 female [58%]; 2207 Black [29%]; 5524 White [71%]), 12 274 contributed to analysis of risk factors measured at age 55 to 64 years (6698 female [55%]; 2886 Black [24%]; 9388 White [76%]), and 6787 contributed to analysis of risk factors measured at age 65 to 74 years (3764 female [56%], 1375 Black [20%]; 5412 White [80%]). 3 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 12,274
Evidence: moderate
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1994-04-01
The data suggest that increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the risk of incident AD, either by decreasing ease of clinical detection of AD or by imparting a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 593
Evidence: moderate
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It is unclear to what extent poor social relationships are related to the development of dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
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Diabetes, even prediabetes and changes of diabetes-related biochemical indicators, predicted increased incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia. 3 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
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Patients with osteoarthritis had excess all cause mortality compared with the general population (standardised mortality ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 1.70). 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,163
Evidence: moderate
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2012-05-02
In the 1990 subcohort (25,696 person-years), 286 persons developed dementia, and in the 2000 subcohort (8,384 person-years), 49 persons. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 5,727
Evidence: moderate
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This long-running Massachusetts study tracked dementia rates over more than 30 years and found that a given person's chance of developing dementia at a given age has been steadily falling since the late 1970s. The decline was seen mainly in people with at least a high school education. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 5,205
Evidence: high
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68/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
1998-09-01
The incidence of dementia rises exponentially to the age of 90 years. 1 key finding →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
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67/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100.
·
JAMA Neurology
·
2025-11-01
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, estimates indicate that FTD is comparable in frequency to dementia with Lewy bodies and occurs at higher rates than progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: moderate
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Of 23 558 people without pre-existing dementia, 4135 (17·6%) had an admission with delirium. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 23,558
Evidence: moderate
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Frailty, comorbidities, and other age-related diseases were associated with a higher risk of dementia but did not account for the elevated dementia risk observed after severe infections. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 449,223
Evidence: moderate
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High concentrations of Abeta(1-40) but not Abeta(1-42) at baseline were associated with an increased risk of dementia. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 6,713
Evidence: moderate
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During mean follow-up of 2.1 (range 1.5-3.4) years, 146 incident cases of dementia were detected, of which 105 were Alzheimer's disease. 3 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 6,870
Evidence: moderate
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Our findings indicate that quantitative gait measures predict future risk of cognitive decline and dementia in initially non-demented older adults. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 427
Evidence: moderate
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66/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
1997-12-01
We estimated the remaining lifetime risks of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia from all causes, based on data from longitudinal population studies. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 198
Evidence: moderate
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SMI and EMCI with self-reported concerns were associated with the same risk of AD dementia, suggesting that pre-LMCI risk conditions should be extended to SMI with concerns. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 2,892
Evidence: moderate
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Our cohort of 1,958,191 people from UK general practices had a median age at baseline of 55 years (IQR 45-66) and a median follow-up of 9·1 years (IQR 6·3-12·6). 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,958,191
Evidence: moderate
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The development of MCI is associated with measurements of cognition and depression, racial and constitutional factors, and cerebrovascular disease. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 927
Evidence: moderate
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Comparing two nationally representative surveys of older Americans 12 years apart, researchers found the share of seniors with dementia fell substantially, from 11.6% in 2000 to 8.8% in 2012. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 21,057
Evidence: high
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By pooling two long-running community studies from the same region of Pennsylvania, researchers compared dementia rates across people born in different decades, from the 1900s to the 1940s. Each successively younger birth cohort had a substantially lower risk of developing dementia at a given age, with the youngest group's risk about a quarter of the oldest group's. This adds US evidence, independent of Framingham, that generational health improvements are lowering dementia risk. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 3,010
Evidence: high
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Older, healthy women with decreased circadian activity rhythm amplitude and robustness, and delayed rhythms have increased odds of developing dementia and MCI. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: moderate
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The mean baseline age of the veterans was 68.8 years, and 174 806 (96.5%) were men. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 181
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 31,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.