Studies of long-term cognitive change should account for the potential effects of education on the outcome, since some studies have demonstrated an association of education with dementia risk. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 14,020
Evidence: moderate
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Social determinants of health (SDHs) are the primary drivers of preventable health inequities, and the associations between SDHs and health outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes remain unclear. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 17
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
EClinicalMedicine
·
2022-03-13
Identifying independent and interactive associations of a wide range of diseases and multimorbidity and apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) with dementia may help promote cognitive health. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 471,485
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2022-07-11
The association between vascular risk factors and dementia varies with age, making generalizability of dementia risk prediction rules to individuals of different ages challenging. 4 key findings →
Participants: 4,899
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Age and ageing
·
2023-05-01
However, not all plant-based foods are necessarily beneficial for dementia or depression. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 180,532
Evidence: moderate
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The association between blood pressure and dementia is debated. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 6,668
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2017-02-22
We observed 234 cases of all-cause dementia over 10 years of follow-up. 4 key findings →
Participants: 2,457
Evidence: low
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Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of common types of chronic pain (CP) on patients' cognitive function and observed that CP was associated with later dementia. 4 key findings →
Participants: 354,943
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
PloS one
·
2019-02-15
Differences between users and non-users of insulin, metformin and sulfonylurea were assessed in each cohort for cognitive and brain MRI measures using linear regression models, and cognitive decline and dementia/AD risk using mixed effect models and Cox regression analyses, respectively. 4 key findings →
Participants: 3,590
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2018-07-25
We analyzed data from 11,709 participants without a history of coronary heart disease or stroke who attended the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 4 key findings →
Participants: 11,709
Evidence: moderate
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Understanding how dementia risk is impacted by timing of smoking cessation has public health implications for prevention efforts. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,347
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Circulation
·
2024-11-14
Many studies have explored whether individual plasma protein biomarkers improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction. 4 key findings →
Participants: 4,857
Evidence: moderate
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Several studies suggested that women are at higher risk of dementia than men. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 7,046
Evidence: moderate
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Although memory complaints are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in persons with cognitive impairment as well as in persons with normal cognition, they are commonly considered of less importance than objective cognitive measures. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 7,983
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
PLoS medicine
·
2022-04-05
Women's reproductive factors have been associated with the risk of dementia; however, these findings remain uncertain. 4 key findings →
Participants: 273,240
Evidence: low
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Plasma proteins affect biological processes and are common drug targets but their role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias remains unclear. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Recent studies have associated immune abnormalities with dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 50,864
Evidence: moderate
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Whether the association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with dementia differs by sex remains unclear, and the role of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors in their association is unknown. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 502,649
Evidence: moderate
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Chronic obesity is associated with several complications, including cognitive impairment and dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
1999-12-01
It has been suggested that the risk might be particularly increased for carriers of the APOE-epsilon4 allele. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 6,645
Evidence: moderate
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Although sleep, physical activity and sedentary behavior have been found to be associated with dementia risk, findings are inconsistent and their joint relationship remains unclear. 4 key findings →
Participants: 431,924
Evidence: low
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2016-09-16
Analyses were performed within the Rotterdam Study (baseline 1997), a prospective, population-based cohort. 4 key findings →
Participants: 9,446
Evidence: moderate
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
Diabetes care
·
2017-05-12
Hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ), a measure of average blood glucose level, is associated with the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. 4 key findings →
Participants: 13,000
Evidence: low
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
Diabetologia
·
2018-06-30
We aimed to evaluate the link between severe hypoglycaemia and domain-specific cognitive decline, smaller brain volumes and dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes, which so far has been relatively poorly characterised. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 580
Evidence: low
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Setting and participants A total of 316,669 participants [mean (SD) age, 56.3 (8.1) years] without prior cardiovascular disease or dementia from the UK Biobank study at baseline survey (2006-2010) were enrolled. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 316,669
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 31,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.