alzhub.org
Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Research

31,780 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 26–50 of 73 studies in Caregiving · tagged Risk Factors (page 2 of 3) · 31,780 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 73 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 17,251 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Caregiving” covers

Caregiving — Research on the people doing the caring: their health, their workload, and what support actually helps.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and risk of dementia in Japanese-American elderly men. The Honolulu-Asia aging study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2000-10-01

Cardiovascular risk factors often cluster into a metabolic syndrome that may increase the risk of dementia. 2 key findings →

Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Sex Differences in Mortality and Health Care Utilization After Dementia Diagnosis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. JAMA Neurology 2025-08-11

A total of 5 721 711 patients (3 302 579 female and 2 419 132 male) with incident dementia between 2014 and 2021 were included in the study. 5 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 711 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Nature reviews. Cardiology 2021-05-28

High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and dementia. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Prevalence and impact of pain among older adults in the United States: findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Pain 2013-12-01

This study sought to determine the prevalence and impact of pain in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. 3 key findings →

Participants: 7,601 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Associations Between Cardiovascular Risk, Structural Brain Changes, and Cognitive Decline

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2020-05-01

Higher cardiovascular risk burden may predict decline in episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed and is associated with neurodegeneration and vascular lesions in the brain. 4 key findings →

Participants: 378 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2011-09-01

Prevalence: It is estimated that each year 38.2% of the EU population suffers from a mental disorder. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Impact of age-related cerebral white matter changes on the transition to disability -- the LADIS study: rationale, design and methodology

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Neuroepidemiology 2005-01-01

Age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) on brain MRI have been associated with cognitive, motor, mood and urinary disturbances. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. International journal of molecular sciences 2020-06-17

Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-established determinant of health and disease. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Hemoglobin A1c Targets for Glycemic Control With Pharmacologic Therapy for Nonpregnant Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Guidance Statement Update From the American College of Physicians

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Annals of internal medicine 2018-03-06

Description The American College of Physicians developed this guidance statement to guide clinicians in selecting targets for pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. The Lancet. Global health 2022-12-05

499·2 million new cases of preventable major NCDs would occur globally by 2030 if the prevalence of physical inactivity does not change, with direct health-care costs of INT$520 billion. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Alzheimer disease and cognitive reserve: variation of education effect with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B uptake

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2008-11-01

Uptake of carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([(11)C]PiB) was measured for participants assessed between August 15, 2003, and January 8, 2008, at the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and diagnosed either as nondemented (n = 161) or with dementia of the Alzheimer type (n = 37). 1 key finding →

Participants: 161 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Special Care Units and Traditional Care in Dementia: Relationship with Behavior, Cognition, Functional Status and Quality of Life - A Review

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 2013-10-05

Our literature search resulted in 32 studies published until October 2012. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

↑ Change the filters

Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 31,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 31,780 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (66% of the library) and OpenAlex (16%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,052 records (3.3% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 973 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed    Where this research is being discussed: events