Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

According to our findings, the identification of autonomic dysfunction seems to be of great importance in clinical practice, not only to avoid falls and other complications, but also as a possible predictor of survival. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 36 Evidence: moderate

NfL in both serum and CSF has the potential to serve as a biomarker for clinical disease onset and has a prognostic value in genetic FTD. 1 key finding →

Design: case-control study Participants: 174 Evidence: moderate

CSF Aβ levels are altered in a subset of patients with early PD and relate to memory impairment. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 20 Evidence: moderate

One hundred forty-six subjects (56 probable MCI-LB, 22 possible MCI-LB, 44 MCI-AD, and 24 controls) were reviewed for up to 5.7 years. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

To explore the nature of the olfactory dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), 81 PD patients who scored well on a cognitive screening test were administered the 40-odorant University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test; 38 were additionally given a forced-choice phenylethyl alcohol odor detection threshold test. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 24 Evidence: moderate

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN EARLY, UNTREATED PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MOTOR DISABILITY

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Brain 1991-01-01

Current knowledge of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has largely been obtained from studies of chronically treated patients in whom effects of disease chronicity, treatment, depression and dementia are confounding factors. 1 key finding →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 60 Evidence: moderate

The assessment of serum NfL and p-Tau 181 may provide a comprehensive view of FTLD, aiding in the differential diagnosis, in staging disease severity and in defining survival probability. 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 417 Evidence: moderate

Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative brain autopsy program

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Parkinsonism & related disorders 2022-07-01

We report on the initial 17 (11 male:6 female) brain autopsies from across Europe and the United States in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 15 Evidence: moderate

Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated to poor clinical outcomes. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease are the two leading causes of cognitive decline and dementia and coexist in most memory clinic patients. 3 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 387 Evidence: low

CSF biomarkers, including P-tau, T-tau, Aβ 42 , Aβ 40 , and NFL, support in vivo identification of AD neuropathology and correlate with FTLD neuropathology. 4 key findings →

Participants: 101 Evidence: low

CSF sAPPβ, YKL-40, and neurofilament light in frontotemporal lobar degeneration

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2017-06-07

The combination of sAPPβ with YKL-40 and with NfL in CSF could be useful to increase the certainty of the diagnosis of FTLD-related syndromes in clinical practice. 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 159 Evidence: moderate

These findings have implications for clinical practice and suggest that presence of a caregiver may be an important modifying variable on patient outcomes to examine in future research. 3 key findings →

Design: randomized controlled trial Participants: 210 Evidence: high

Criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD) that are reliable, valid, and readily applicable in a variety of settings are urgently needed for both clinical and research purposes. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Discriminating α-synuclein strains in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Nature 2020-02-05

Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy 1 . 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegeneration characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein within the brain. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

In our training set, people with Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies had lower CSF α-synuclein concentrations than patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. 1 key finding →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: moderate

Depressive symptoms in midlife or in late life are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. 3 key findings →

Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate

From across this tag

9 of the 2,823 studies in this tag that have a study page, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 9. The same 9 appear here every time.

↑ Change the filters

Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 30,580 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 30,580 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (64.7% of the library) and OpenAlex (16.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,037 records (3.4% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 964 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed    Where this research is being discussed: events