Over follow-up, 449 (18.3%) participants developed dementia. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
Research
28,980 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.
Where feasible, we combined data to obtain an overall estimate of effect. 4 key findings →
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
Socioeconomic factors and genetic predisposition are established risk factors for dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 196,368 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
AADAPt participants had risk factors for developing dementia in future, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, but also reported protective factors such as high social engagement. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Participants: 177 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
A total of 243 participants were enrolled, 81 of which had a recent ischemic stroke. 5 key findings →
Design: case-control study Participants: 243 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
There were no racial differences in the frequency of cerebral ischemic lesions noted on results of brain magnetic resonance imaging, mean cortical standardized uptake value ratios for Pittsburgh compound B, or for amyloid-β42 concentrations in CSF. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 1,255 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
In patients with sporadic ALS, we identified the repeat expansion in 236 (7·0%) of 3377 white individuals from the USA, Europe, and Australia, two (4·1%) of 49 black individuals from the USA, and six (8·3%) of 72 Hispanic individuals from the USA. 1 key finding →
Participants: 4,448 Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
The number of people with dementia from minority ethnic (ME) groups in western countries is projected to rise dramatically, and they may be less able to access dementia services. 1 key finding →
Design: systematic review Participants: 2,090 Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription
When diagnosed, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics may have more advanced dementia. 1 key finding →
Design: cohort study Participants: 3,966 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
Of the 7342 total sample, 4348 participants (60.3%) were women. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 7,342 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
People who had recovered from COVID-19, including those no longer reporting symptoms, exhibited significant cognitive deficits versus controls when controlling for age, gender, education level, income, racial-ethnic group, pre-existing medical disorders, tiredness, depression and anxiety. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 192 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
TREM2 encodes for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 and has rare, coding variants that associate with risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in Caucasians of European and North-American origin. 4 key findings →
Design: case-control study Participants: 800 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
Data from 362 study participants were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 65.6 [7.9] years), of whom 152 (42.0%) were African American, 230 (63.5%) were women, and 189 (52.2%) had MCI. 4 key findings →
Design: case-control study Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
67/100
Racial/ethnic groups differed in sources of recruitment, reasons for screen failure, and overall probability of eligibility in a preclinical AD trial. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 5,945 Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
Dual-eligible older persons are at greater risk for decline in function and cognition after an ICU hospitalization than their more advantaged counterparts. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 641 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
Increased cardiovascular risk as evidenced by FRS was associated with poorer cognitive performance in all cognitive domains among dementia-free middle-aged and older rural Indians. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 3,609 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
Greater purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older persons. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 1,238 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
People from the black ethnic group had a higher incidence of dementia diagnosis and those from the Asian ethnic group had lower incidence compared with the white ethnic group. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 2,511,681 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
This review highlights that air pollutions, especially PM 2.5 and NO 2 play important role in the risk for age-related cognitive impairment and dementia. 3 key findings →
Design: systematic review Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription
Evidence to date suggest there are ethnic differences in risk of dementia. 2 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis Participants: 12 Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
Both early life and adult socioeconomic status (SES) predict late-life level of memory; however, evidence is mixed on the relationship between SES and rate of memory decline. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Participants: 10,781 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text
66/100
Men, racial and ethnic minority individuals, older adults, and those with language barriers are at increased risk for undertreatment of depression. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
Social participation may theoretically decrease risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 32,715 Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
Included in the analysis were 48,330 participants across 46 ADRCs (mean [SD] age, 71.3 [10.5] years; 20,767 female [57%]; 4,138 Hispanic [8.6%]; 1,392 non-Hispanic Asian [2.9%]; 6,766 non-Hispanic Black [14%] individuals; and 676 individuals [1.4%] of other races. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 48,330 Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
Social determinants of health, including neighborhood factors, play a key role in the health of diverse older adults. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Participants: 452 Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source
From across this tag
9 of the 898 studies in this tag that have a study page, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 9. The same 9 appear here every time.
- Urban-rural differences in the health care of people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment in shared-housing arrangements in Germany – have inequities in urban vs. rural locations been overcome?
- Racial disparities and temporal trends in dementia misdiagnosis risk in the United States
- Underdiagnosis of Dementia: an Observational Study of Patterns in Diagnosis and Awareness in US Older Adults
- Genome-wide association and population genetic analysis of C-reactive protein in African American and Hispanic American women
- Trends and Disparities in Dementia Among Older Adults With Coronary Artery Disease, 1999–2023: Insights From the CDC WONDER Database
- Discrimination, Stress, and Health Across the Life Course
- Assessment and diagnosis of dementia in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white outpatients
- Equity in the delivery of community healthcare to older people: findings from 10/66 Dementia Research Group cross-sectional surveys in Latin America, China, India and Nigeria
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Subjective Cognitive Decline - United States, 2015-2020
Where “Free full text” comes from
Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read
How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 28,980 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.
What this library is — and isn't
This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 28,980 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (62.8% of the library) and OpenAlex (17.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.
1,038 records (3.6% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 966 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.
See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →