Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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36/100
Within the brain, quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an important neurotoxin, especially in AIDS dementia complex (ADC).
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36/100
Proof that blood-brain barrier failure is key to these conditions could provide a target for new treatments to reduce the effects of vascular disease on the brain and prevent cognitive decline and dementia.
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Glutamate transport is central to neurotransmitter functions in the brain.
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Tat protein has been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection.
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Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation, resulting from triplication of the whole or distal part of human chromosome 21.
Why it matters
This study found reduced levels of C21orf2 and CAF-1 p60 proteins in the brain of people with Down syndrome, but these proteins were comparable to controls in Alzheimer's disease. The findings challenge the simple gene dosage hypothesis and do not provide a treatment or prevention.
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These results suggest that alterations in amygdala:hippocampal volume ratios in pediatric MDD may more reflect severity of associated anxiety than depression.
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Schizophrenia is associated with structural deformities of the hippocampus, which suggest a disturbance of the connections between the hippocampus and the frontal cortex.
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The R406W tau mutation found in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) causes a hereditary tauopathy clinically resembling Alzheimer's disease.
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Latent reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) present significant challenges for eradicating HIV from infected persons, particularly reservoirs in the brain established during acute infection.
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In recent years, oxidative stress has been implicated in a variety of degenerative processes, diseases, and syndromes.
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Our results replicate previous findings of reduced hippocampal volume in PTSD but also suggest independent, generalized, white matter atrophy.
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Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary cerebrovascular disease leading to cognitive decline and dementia.
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Our current understanding of nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP) and protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathways in the nervous systems has its origins in the early studies conducted on vascular tissues during the late 1970s and early to mid-1980s. The pioneering research into the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in blood vessels conducted by the laboratories of Drs.
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The term acanthocytosis is derived from the Greek for "thorn" and is used to describe a peculiar spiky appearance of erythrocytes.
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Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) was first reported as an adult-onset dementia, but recent studies have emphasized personality change, emotional imbalance, and memory problems as clinical features of AGD.
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The hippocampus is crucial for normal brain function, especially for the encoding and retrieval of multimodal sensory information.
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Recent intriguing reports have shown an association between major depression and selective and persistent loss of hippocampal volume, prompting considerable speculation as to its underlying causes.
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Longitudinally oriented axon collaterals of CA3 pyramidal cells may be critical for integrating distributed information in the hippocampus.
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Although plasma cholesterol levels are not generally associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) incidence, in vitro studies have found that increased cellular cholesterol levels are associated with increases in -amyloid (A ) production, with a concomitant decrease in sAPPa, the secreted non amyloidogenic fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Why it matters
In this mouse study, a high-fat high-cholesterol diet increased cerebral amyloid-beta levels and apoE levels. It is an animal study and suggests dietary cholesterol and/or fat may be a risk factor, but does not show any treatment, cure, or prevention in people.
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Frontal lobe abnormalities may occur as a result of PTSD in children or, alternatively, be a risk factor for the development of the syndrome in this age group.
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Activated (phosphorylated) mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (MAPK-p38) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) have both been implicated in the hyperphosphorylation of tau, a major component of the neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.
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Epilepsy is a common outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanisms of posttraumatic epileptogenesis are poorly understood.
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Stress-induced structural remodeling in the adult hippocampus, involving debranching and shortening of dendrites and suppression of neurogenesis, provides a cellular basis for understanding the impairment of neural plasticity in the human hippocampus in depressive illness.
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The data support that HPA axis activation is common in depressed patients.
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Advanced glycation end products are a diverse class of posttranslational modifications, stemming from reactive aldehyde reactions, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of degenerative diseases.
From across this topic
10 of the 4,748 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Developmental neurobiology of childhood stress and trauma
- Amyloid-β pathology and APOE genotype modulate retinoid X receptor agonist activity in vivo
- NOTCH3 variants are more common than expected in the general population and associated with stroke and vascular dementia: an analysis of 200 000 participants
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy and regional brain volumes: the WHIMS-MRI Study
- Investigation of the roles of microglia and astrocytes in cerebral amyloid angiopathy across diverse murine strains
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage heterogeneity and a potential function of Trem2hi macrophages in infarcted hearts
- Glucose metabolism, gray matter structure, and memory decline in subjective memory impairment
- Mechanisms of action of formononetin, an extract from Astragalus membranaceus medicinal plant, in ameliorating Alzheimer’s disease
- Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 217 Cutoffs for Amyloid Pathology and Kidney Function, Body Mass Index, and Anemia
- Serotonin in aging, late-life depression, and Alzheimer's disease: the emerging role of functional imaging