Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Newest in this topic

  1. The value of a family history to distinguish monogenic from polygenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2026-09-22
  2. Smartphone Passive Digital Phenotyping in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration 2026-09-21
  3. Diagnostic Value of Large Language Model-Extracted Gross Brain Findings in Neurodegenerative Diseases 2026-09-14

Studies

1,022 studies carry this tag.

Date range

1967 to 2026

Top journals

  • Neurology 106
  • Brain : a journal of neurology 71
  • Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 53
  • Annals of neurology 34
  • The Lancet. Neurology 34

313 journals in all.

Newest first, then by address. Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0); tap a score to see what makes it up. Tags were assigned automatically from each study's title and summary. The same studies as a filter in the library.

  1. Prognosis of Parkinson disease: risk of dementia and mortality: the Rotterdam Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2005-08-01 Long-term cohort studies

    Most prognostic studies on Parkinson disease have been hospital based or have applied register-based case-finding methods.

  2. Rate of progression differs in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Neurology 2005-08-01 Cognitive tests and assessment

    Despite advances in the clinical characterization of FTD, little is known about its rate of progression.

  3. The evolution and pathology of frontotemporal dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2005-07-20 How common it is

    This is a clinicopathologic study of a prospective, clinic-based cohort of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/Pick complex, who were followed to autopsy.

  4. Cognitive differences in dementia patients with autopsy-verified AD, Lewy body pathology, or both

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Neurology 2005-06-01 Cognitive tests and assessment

    The authors reviewed 135 subjects from a community-based study of dementia for whom autopsy and brain tissue was available.

  5. The genetic epidemiology of neurodegenerative disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. The Journal of clinical investigation 2005-06-01 Lewy body dementia

    Gene defects play a major role in the pathogenesis of degenerative disorders of the nervous system.

  6. Cognitive status correlates with neuropathologic stage in Parkinson disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2005-04-01 Getting a diagnosis

    It was possible to assign all patients to one of the PD stages.

  7. Falls and injuries resulting from falls among patients with Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian syndromes

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2005-04-01 Clinical safety

    We sought to ascertain frequency, type, risk factors of falling, and resulting injuries among parkinsonian patients.

  8. The natural history of temporal variant frontotemporal dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Neurology 2005-04-01 Digital health tools

    The temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia follows a characteristic cognitive and behavioral progression that suggests early spread from one anterior temporal lobe to the other.

  9. The pathology of the substantia nigra in Alzheimer disease with extrapyramidal signs

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Neurology 2005-04-01 Caregiving

    In some cases, limited nigral pathology suggests extranigral factors in the clinical symptoms of EPS.

  10. Characteristics of two distinct clinical phenotypes in pathologically proven progressive supranuclear palsy: Richardson's syndrome and PSP-parkinsonism

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2005-03-23 Getting a diagnosis

    The clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) relies on the identification of characteristic signs and symptoms.

  11. Glia and their cytokines in progression of neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2005-03-01 Risk genes beyond APOE

    A glia-mediated, inflammatory immune response is an important component of the neuropathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, of the midlife neurodegeneration of Down's syndrome, and of other age-related neurodegenerative conditions.

  12. Temporal lobe atrophy on MRI in Parkinson disease with dementia: a comparison with Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Neurology 2005-03-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Alzheimer disease (AD) and, to a lesser extent, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) showed more pronounced MTA.

  13. Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson's disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2005-02-01 Getting a diagnosis

    One-third of the 149 people recruited 15 to 18 years ago in the Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson's disease have survived.

  14. Alpha-synuclein pathology does not predict extrapyramidal symptoms or dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2005-01-01 Caregiving

    Intracytoplasmic aggregation of alpha-synuclein protein as Lewy bodies in the brainstem neurons is diagnostic for Parkinson's disease, whereas if this process also occurs in the cortical neurons, it is considered pathognomonic for dementia with Lewy bodies.

  15. Cost of illness and its predictors for Parkinson's disease in Germany

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. PharmacoEconomics 2005-01-01 Clinical safety

    We estimated average per patient direct, indirect and total costs for the 6-month observation period.

  16. In vivo detection of microglial activation in frontotemporal dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2004-12-01 Inflammation and the immune system

    Using positron emission tomography and [(11)C](R)-PK11195, a marker of "peripheral benzodiazepine sites" that is upregulated on activated microglia during progressive tissue pathology, we show increased binding of [(11)C](R)-PK11195 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration in the typically affected frontotemporal brain regions.

  17. Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Neuron 2004-11-01 Lewy body dementia

    Parkinson's disease (PD; OMIM #168600) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the Western world and presents as a progressive movement disorder.

  18. Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neuron 2004-11-01 Lewy body dementia

    We have previously linked families with autosomal-dominant, late-onset parkinsonism to chromosome 12p11.2-q13.1 (PARK8).

  19. The spectrum of pathological involvement of the striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems in multiple system atrophy: clinicopathological correlations

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2004-10-27 Lewy body dementia

    Multiple system atrophy (MSA) has varying clinical (MSA-P versus MSA-C) and pathological [striatonigral degeneration (SND) versus olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA)] phenotypes.

  20. Clinical and neuropathologic variation in neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Neurology 2004-10-01 Disparities

    NIFID is a neuropathologically distinct, clinically heterogeneous variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) that may include parkinsonism or MND.

  21. Clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic characteristics of posterior cortical atrophy

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Neurology 2004-10-01 Genetics

    The authors identified 40 PCA cases.

  22. The relationship between brain structure and neurocognition in schizophrenia: a selective review

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Schizophrenia research 2004-10-01 Getting a diagnosis

    Both Kraepelin [1919. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia, Livingston, Edinburgh.] and Bleuler [1911.

  23. Alpha-synuclein locus duplication as a cause of familial Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Lancet (London, England) 2004-09-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    Genomic triplication of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) has been reported to cause hereditary early-onset parkinsonism with dementia.

  24. Clinicopathological correlates in frontotemporal dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2004-09-01 Lewy body dementia

    The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a range of clinical syndromes that are believed not to map reliably onto the spectrum of recognized pathologies.

  25. Neuropathology provides clues to the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Molecular genetics and metabolism 2004-07-01 Lewy body dementia

    To better understand the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction in Gaucher disease (GD), we studied brain pathology in seven subjects with type 1 GD (four also exhibited parkinsonism and dementia), three with type 2 GD and four with type 3 GD.

  26. Psychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease--an update

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of neurology 2004-07-01 Clinical safety

    In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) disturbances of mental state constitute some of the most difficult treatment challenges of advanced disease, often limiting effective treatment of motor symptoms and leading to increased disability and poor quality of life.

  27. Cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 2004-06-30 Caregiving

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area, in combination with a varying loss of central noradrenergic (locus coeruleus), cholinergic (nucleus basalis of Meynert) and serotonergic (dorsal raphe nuclei) integrity, leading to a multitude of motor and non-motor behavioral disturbances.

  28. Dopamine transporter loss visualized with FP-CIT SPECT in the differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2004-06-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    At autopsy the striatal dopaminergic transporter is reduced.

  29. The biphasic relationship between regional brain senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle distributions: modification by age, sex, and APOE polymorphism

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004-06-01 Genetics

    Epidemiologic studies indicate that elderly women are at higher risk for Alzheimer disease compared to men.

  30. The importance of neuritic plaques and tangles to the development and evolution of AD

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Neurology 2004-06-01 Disparities

    Deterioration in Alzheimer disease appears to be driven by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles at different stages of the disease.

  31. Sleep and quantitative EEG in neurodegenerative disorders

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Journal of psychosomatic research 2004-05-01 Risk factors

    This paper reviews current knowledge on sleep problems, sleep architecture changes and quantitative EEG alteration brought on by various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy MSA, Huntington's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, in comparison to normal aging.

  32. Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2004-03-01 Digital health tools

    We performed a comprehensive cognitive, neuroimaging, and genetic study of 31 patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a decline in language functions that remains isolated for at least 2 years.

  33. Insulin and neurodegenerative disease: shared and specific mechanisms

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2004-03-01 Lewy body dementia

    Insulin has functions in the brain and dysregulation of these functions may contribute to the expression of late-life neurodegenerative disease.

  34. Nasu-Hakola disease (polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy--PLOSL): a dementia associated with bone cystic lesions. From clinical to genetic and molecular aspects

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 2004-02-01 TREM2 and immune genetics

    The authors review the clinical, radiological, electrophysiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of Nasu-Hakola disease (polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy or PLOSL).

  35. The new mutation, E46K, of alpha-synuclein causes Parkinson and Lewy body dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2004-02-01 Lewy body dementia

    Familial parkinsonism and dementia with cortical and subcortical Lewy bodies is uncommon, and no genetic defect has been reported in the previously described sibships.

  36. Cerebral atrophy in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia: a comparison with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and controls

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2004-01-28 How common it is

    Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia.

  37. Cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement 2004-01-01 Prevention trials

    A rehabilitation program of 6 weeks, including both motor and cognitive training, was applied to 20 patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) in the early stages, presenting with mild cognitive deficits, but no dementia.

  38. Dementia with Lewy bodies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2004-01-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second commonest cause of neurodegenerative dementia in older people.

  39. DLB fluctuations: specific features that reliably differentiate DLB from AD and normal aging

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2004-01-01 Getting a diagnosis

    Based on informant report, disturbed arousal and disorganized speech are specific aspects of fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies that reliably distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease and normal aging.

  40. Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003-12-19 Brain tissue and pathology

    Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) studies have found that patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) have abnormally low rates of cerebral glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate, parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortex.

  41. Distinctive neuropsychological patterns in frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology 2003-12-01 Lewy body dementia

    Frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer disease are associated with distinct neuropsychological profiles that classify these dementia syndromes with considerable success.

  42. Assessment of cognition in Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Neurology 2003-11-01 Cognitive tests and assessment

    A literature search was conducted to identify the most frequently affected cognitive domains in PD and to select candidate items for the initial scale.

  43. Five-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. The New England journal of medicine 2003-11-01 Digital health tools

    There was no control group, but worsening of akinesia, speech, postural stability, freezing of gait, and cognitive function between the first and the fifth year is consistent with the natural history of Parkinson's disease.

  44. Left/right asymmetry of atrophy in semantic dementia: behavioral-cognitive implications

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Neurology 2003-11-01 Getting a diagnosis

    Patients with left and right predominant SD present with distinct behavioral-cognitive profiles.

  45. Neuropathology of cognitively normal elderly

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 2003-11-01 Lewy body dementia

    Despite general agreement about the boundaries of Alzheimer disease (AD), establishing a maximum limit for Alzheimer-type pathology in cognitively intact individuals might aid in defining more precisely the point at which Alzheimer pathology becomes clinically relevant.

  46. Cognitive, psychiatric and motor response to galantamine in Parkinson's disease with dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2003-10-01 Cognitive tests and assessment

    Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as galantamine, may be useful in PD patients with dementia (PDD) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate dopamine release in the striatum.

  47. Elevated neurofilament levels in neurological diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Brain research 2003-10-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    Neurofilaments, a major cytoskeletal constituent of neuronal cells, can be released into the cerebrospinal fluid during several neurodegenerative diseases.

  48. Parkinson's disease is associated with hippocampal atrophy

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2003-07-01 Hippocampus size on brain scans

    Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have hippocampal atrophy compared with controls.

  49. Longitudinal outcome of Parkinson's disease patients with psychosis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Neurology 2003-06-01 Cognitive tests and assessment

    Baseline data available from 59 patients enrolled in the PSYCLOPS (PSychosis and CLOzapine in PD Study) trial included age, age at onset of PD, duration of PD and psychosis, character of psychosis, medications, living setting, and scores for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale.

  50. Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee report: SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonian disorders

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2003-05-01 Getting a diagnosis

    As there are no biological markers for the antemortem diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian disorders, diagnosis currently relies upon the presence and progression of clinical features and confirmation depends on neuropathology.

From across this tag

10 of the 1,021 studies in this tag, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.

All topic tags with their study counts