Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Newest in this topic

  1. Public awareness of the hearing loss-dementia link and self-reported behavioral changes in middle- to older-aged Canadians 2026-09-26
  2. Patterns of modifiable lifestyle, behavioural and health-related risk factors and their associations with incident dementia in UK Biobank 2026-09-25
  3. Excess hypoglycaemia-related hospitalisation in older adults with comorbid type 2 diabetes and dementia: a UK Biobank cohort study 2026-09-16

Studies

1,139 studies carry this tag.

Date range

1978 to 2026

Top journals

  • Neurology 134
  • Alzheimer s & Dementia 52
  • Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 33
  • Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 32
  • JAMA neurology 27

362 journals in all.

Newest first, then by address. Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0); tap a score to see what makes it up. Tags were assigned automatically from each study's title and summary. The same studies as a filter in the library.

  1. Plasma Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) and the risk of dementia: a prospective case-cohort study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2006-08-01 How common it is

    High concentrations of Abeta(1-40) but not Abeta(1-42) at baseline were associated with an increased risk of dementia.

  2. Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in HIV-associated dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. European journal of clinical investigation 2006-07-01 Inflammation and the immune system

    Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected and immune-activated macrophages and microglia secrete neurotoxins.

  3. Potential role of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of dementia and macular degeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2006-06-01 Long-term cohort studies

    Dementia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are major causes of disability in the elderly. n-3 Fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are highly concentrated in brain and retinal tissue and may prevent or delay the progression of dementia and AMD.

  4. Fat intake at midlife and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders 2006-05-19 Prevention and risk

    Moderate intake of unsaturated fats at midlife is protective, whereas a moderate intake of saturated fats may increase the risk of dementia and AD, especially among ApoE epsilon4 carriers.

  5. Heart failure and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: a population-based cohort study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Archives of internal medicine 2006-05-01 How common it is

    During the 6534 person-years of follow-up (mean, 5.02 years per person), 440 subjects were diagnosed as having dementia, including 333 with Alzheimer disease.

  6. The effect of social networks on the relation between Alzheimer's disease pathology and level of cognitive function in old people: a longitudinal cohort study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2006-05-01 How common it is

    Cognitive function was inversely related to all measures of disease pathology, indicating lower function at more severe levels of pathology.

  7. Thyroid hormones, dementia, and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006-04-24 Brain scans and imaging

    In our study, TSH was related neither to risk of AD nor with early MRI markers thereof, arguing against an important role of thyroid function in the development of AD.

  8. Ethnicity, stress, and cortisol function in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: A preliminary study of family dementia caregivers and noncaregivers

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2006-04-01 Disparities

    Caregivers had higher levels of 8 am, 5 pm, and 9 pm log cortisol as well as higher perceived stress than noncaregivers.

  9. Potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in identical twins

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2006-04-01 Prevention and risk

    Potentially modifiable risk factors from early and midlife, with a cumulative detrimental effect on the brain, contribute to risk of dementia.

  10. Vascular risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: the Cache County study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 2006-04-01 Risk factors

    Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) have been evaluated; however, few studies have compared risks by dementia subtypes and sex.

  11. Brain ferritin iron may influence age- and gender-related risks of neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2006-03-24 Risk factors

    This is the first demonstration of gender differences in brain ferritin iron levels.

  12. Anaemia increases the risk of dementia in cognitively intact elderly

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2006-02-01 Cognitive tests and assessment

    Although cross-sectional studies found an association between anaemia and dementia, longitudinal studies provided contradictory results.

  13. In this large multicentre and long-term population-based study, some well-known risk factors for dementia, of vascular and Alzheimer's type, are confirmed but not others.

  14. Cross-cultural study comparing the association of familism with burden and depressive symptoms in two samples of Hispanic dementia caregivers

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. Aging & mental health 2006-01-01 Disparities

    Familism has been pointed out as a key value in Hispanic culture that may or may not be associated with caregiver distress.

  15. Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 75 out of 100. Annals of internal medicine 2006-01-01 Prevention and risk

    These results suggest that regular exercise is associated with a delay in onset of dementia and Alzheimer disease, further supporting its value for elderly persons.

  16. Fibrinogen is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100. Stroke 2005-11-03 Long-term cohort studies

    Vascular and inflammatory factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia.

  17. Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE epsilon4

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Neurology 2005-11-01 Genetics

    In the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study, consumption of fatty fish was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease for those without the APOE epsilon4 allele.

  18. Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 77 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2005-11-01 How common it is

    Leisure-time physical activity at midlife at least twice a week was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD (odds ratio [OR] 0.48 [95% CI 0.25-0.91] and 0.38 [0.17-0.85], respectively), even after adjustments for age, sex, education, follow-up time, locomotor disorders, APOE genotype, vascular disorders, smoking, and alcohol drinking.

  19. Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: The Framingham Heart Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2005-10-11 Risk factors

    The gender-specific results for obesity, but not for diabetes, suggests that the underlying mechanisms linking them to cognition may be different.

  20. Obesity and vascular risk factors at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2005-10-01 Prevention and risk

    Obesity at midlife is associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD later in life.

  21. Serum cholesterol and risk of Alzheimer disease: a community-based cohort study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2005-10-01 Genetics

    The data do not support an association between serum total cholesterol or high density lipoprotein in late life and subsequent risk of dementia or Alzheimer disease (AD).

  22. Cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral atrophy in a middle-aged cohort

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2005-09-01 Long-term cohort studies

    Because cardiovascular (CV) risk factors have been associated with declines in cognitive functions and late life dementia, CV risk factors should also be associated with brain atrophy.

  23. Homocysteine and folate as risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2005-09-01 Getting a diagnosis

    Over an average follow-up of 4 y, dementia developed in 112 subjects, including 70 who received a diagnosis of AD.

  24. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2005-08-01 How common it is

    The relation of blood pressure with cognitive function and dementia has, in recent years, received much attention from epidemiological research.

  25. Dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence in relationship to cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 72 out of 100. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005-07-01 How common it is

    Older adults with CVD other than stroke had a higher risk of dementia and AD than did those without CVD.

  26. Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100. BMJ 2005-06-09 Prevention and risk

    Tracking over 10,000 people for 27 years, this landmark study found that being obese in midlife (in your 40s) nearly doubled the risk of developing dementia decades later, and being overweight also raised the risk, independent of whether someone later developed diabetes or heart disease.

  27. Dietary fatty acids and the risk of Parkinson disease: the Rotterdam study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2005-06-01 Long-term cohort studies

    Unsaturated fatty acids are important constituents of neuronal cell membranes and have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

  28. Determinants of vascular dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Neurology 2005-05-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Vascular disease in the brain is prevalent among incident dementia cases.

  29. High total cholesterol levels in late life associated with a reduced risk of dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100. Neurology 2005-05-01 Prevention and risk

    High cholesterol in late life was associated with decreased dementia risk, which is in contrast to previous studies suggesting high cholesterol in mid-life is a risk factor for later dementia.

  30. Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2005-04-29 Getting a diagnosis

    Obesity in middle age increases the risk of future dementia independently of comorbid conditions.

  31. Physical activity, APOE genotype, and dementia risk: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. American journal of epidemiology 2005-04-01 Lewy body dementia

    Physical activity may help preserve cognitive function and decrease dementia risk, but epidemiologic findings are inconsistent.

  32. Do statins reduce risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer disease? The Cache County Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Archives of general psychiatry 2005-02-01 Prevention and risk

    Although statin use might be less frequent in those with prevalent dementia, we found no association between statin use and subsequent onset of dementia or AD.

  33. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 76 out of 100. Neurology 2005-01-01 How common it is

    The presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors at midlife substantially increases risk of late-life dementia in a dose dependent manner.

  34. APOE genotype, family history of dementia, and Alzheimer disease risk: a 6-year follow-up study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2004-12-01 Genetics

    Family history of dementia was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in this very old population, but only among APOE epsilon4 carriers.

  35. Does the risk of developing dementia increase with the number of episodes in patients with depressive disorder and in patients with bipolar disorder?

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2004-12-01 Getting a diagnosis

    On average, the risk of dementia seems to increase with the number of episodes in depressive and bipolar affective disorders.

  36. Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: a community-based prospective cohort study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Neurology 2004-11-01 Genetics

    Employing time-dependent proportional hazards modeling, the authors found no significant association between statin use and incident dementia or probable AD.

  37. Vascular risk factors, incidence of MCI, and rates of progression to dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100. Neurology 2004-11-01 How common it is

    In this population, among those who progressed to dementia, 60% progressed to AD and 33% to VaD.

  38. Alcohol intake in relation to brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in older persons without dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2004-10-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with a lower prevalence of vascular brain findings and, in APOE epsilon4 carriers, hippocampal and amygdalar atrophy on MRI.

  39. Cerebral white matter lesions and the risk of dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2004-10-01 How common it is

    White matter lesions, especially in the periventricular region, increase the risk of dementia in elderly people.

  40. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project: a 6-year follow-up study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Neurology 2004-10-01 Risk factors

    Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dementia, and VaD in particular, in very old people.

  41. Higher frequency of dementia in older HIV-1 individuals: the Hawaii Aging with HIV-1 Cohort

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Neurology 2004-09-01 How common it is

    Older age is associated with increased HAD in this HIV-1 cohort.

  42. Depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment increases the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type: a prospective cohort study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2004-08-01 How common it is

    We conclude that patients with mild cognitive impairment and depression are at more than twice the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type as those without depression.

  43. Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and development of cognitive impairment in older women

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 77 out of 100. Neurology 2004-08-01 Risk factors

    A total of 267 (3.8%) women had diabetes and 297 (4.2%) had IFG.

  44. Dietary niacin and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and of cognitive decline

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2004-08-01 Prevention and risk

    Energy adjusted niacin intake had a protective effect on development of AD and cognitive decline.

  45. Moderate renal impairment and risk of dementia among older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2004-07-01 Vascular contributions

    Renal impairment is associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke, determinants of cognitive dysfunction and dementia.

  46. An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2004-06-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    The recent availability of longitudinal data on the possible association of different lifestyles with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) allow some preliminary conclusions on this topic.

  47. In the estrogen-alone trial, 47 participants were diagnosed with probable dementia, of whom 28 were assigned to CEE and 19 to placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-2.66).

  48. Inflammatory proteins in plasma and the risk of dementia: the rotterdam study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2004-05-01 How common it is

    Plasma levels of inflammatory proteins are increased before clinical onset of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia.

  49. Midlife dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of late-life incident dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. American journal of epidemiology 2004-05-01 Prevention and risk

    Antioxidants have been hypothesized to protect against Alzheimer's disease, but studies conducted in late life have been inconsistent.

  50. Alcohol intake and risk of dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004-04-01 Vascular contributions

    Consumption of up to three servings of wine daily is associated with a lower risk of AD in elderly individuals without the APOE epsilon-4 allele.

From across this tag

10 of the 1,130 studies in this tag, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.

All topic tags with their study counts