Home › Research › Brain scans and imaging
White matter hyperintensity penumbra
Maillard P, Fletcher E, Harvey D, Carmichael O, Carmichael O, Reed B, Mungas D, DeCarli C.. Stroke, 2011-06-02
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Background and purpose White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with progressive age-related cognitive decline and cardiovascular risk factors, but their biological relevance as indicators of generalized white matter injury is unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging provides more sensitive indications of subtle white matter disruption and can therefore clarify whether WMHs represent foci of generalized white matter damage that extends over a broader neighborhood. Methods Two hundred eight participants from the University of California, Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center received a comprehensive clinical evaluation and brain MRI including fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion tensor imaging sequences. Voxelwise maps of WMHs were produced from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery using a standardized WMH detection protocol. Fractional anisotropy maps were calculated from diffusion tensor imaging. All WMH and fractional anisotropy maps were coregistered to a standardized space. For each normal-appearing white matter voxel in each subject fluid-attenuated inversion recovery scan, a neighborhood white matter injury score was calculated that increased with increasing number and proximity of WMH in the vicinity of the normal-appearing white matter voxel. Fractional anisotropy was related to neighborhood white matter injury using a nonlinear mixed effect model controlling for relevant confounding factors. Results Fractional anisotropy was found to decrease as neighborhood white matter injury increased (β = -0.0017/%, P < 0.0001) with an accelerated rate (P < 0.0001) for neighborhood white matter injury >0.4. An increase of 1% in neighborhood white matter injury score was associated with a decrease in mean fractional anisotropy of 0.012 (P < 0.001). Conclusions WMH may represent foci of more widespread and subtle white matter changes rather than distinct, sharply delineated anatomic abnormalities. We use the term white matter hyperintensities penumbra to explain this phenomenon.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Maillard, P., Fletcher, E., Harvey, D., Carmichael, O., Reed, B., Mungas, D., et al. (2011). White matter hyperintensity penumbra. Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.609768
Vancouver
Maillard P, Fletcher E, Harvey D, Carmichael O, Reed B, Mungas D, et al. White matter hyperintensity penumbra. Stroke. 2011. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.609768. PMID: 21636811.
BibTeX
@article{maillard2011-21636811,
author = {Maillard, P. and Fletcher, E. and Harvey, D. and Carmichael, O. and Reed, B. and Mungas, D. and DeCarli, C.},
title = {{White matter hyperintensity penumbra}},
journal = {Stroke},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1161/strokeaha.110.609768},
pmid = {21636811},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.609768}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Background and purpose White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with progressive age-related cognitive decline and cardiovascular risk factors, but their biological relevance as indicators of generalized white matter injury is unclear.
- Results Fractional anisotropy was found to decrease as neighborhood white matter injury increased (β = -0.0017/%, P < 0.0001) with an accelerated rate (P < 0.0001) for neighborhood white matter injury >0.4.
- An increase of 1% in neighborhood white matter injury score was associated with a decrease in mean fractional anisotropy of 0.012 (P < 0.001).
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Brain scans & tests →
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Stroke) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 21636811) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Related studies in Brain scans and imaging
Also tagged “white-matter-hyperintensities”
6 studies in the library carry the topic tag “white-matter-hyperintensities”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 6 tagged studies.