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The microglial cell. A historical review
Barron KD.. Journal of the neurological sciences, 1995-12-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Effectively, modern research has confirmed Hortega's view of the origin of the microgliacyte from circulating monocytes of the monocyte-macrophage series that invade the brain during embryonic and early postnatal life. Their phagocytic capacity is exercised during the brain remodelling that marks brain maturation. They then convert to the ramified resting microglial cell visualized in the silver carbonate staining technique of Hortega and by modern lectin-binding methods. In response to injury, reactive microglia exhibit hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and may or may not go on to form typical lipid-laden phagocytes. Activated microglia show upregulation of the many marker antigens they share with circulating monocytes, including the major histocompatibility class (MHC) class II antigens that bespeak their immunocompetent nature. However, MHC class I and II expression and development of immunohistochemical positivity for cytoplasmic and plasma membrane antigens that characterize the monocyte-macrophage do not necessarily indicate an immunological response though there is ample evidence that microglia can serve as antigen-presenting cells. Rather, microglia are extraordinarily sensitive to changes in the brain microenvironment, whatever the nature of the exciting mechanism or substance. They may be considered to serve an ever alert, protective and supportive function that can be assembled rapidly to deal with infections, physical injuries, physiologic changes and systemic influences. In addition to elaboration and secretion of cytokines with varied actions, e.g., suppression of astrogliosis, they secrete factors, including nerve growth factor, which are supportive of neurons. They have an important role in iron metabolism and the storage of iron and ferritin. They may promote central nervous system regeneration. They are prominently involved in such pathologic processes as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases and the degenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. With aging, they grow more numerous, become richer in iron and ferritin and exhibit phenotypic alteration, e.g., the expression of MHC class II antigens that are not ordinarily demonstrable immunohistochemically in the resting state. The rate of growth of our knowledge of microglia during the last decade has been exponential and continues.
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APA 7th
Barron, K. D. (1995). The microglial cell. A historical review. Journal of the neurological sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(95)00209-k
Vancouver
Barron KD. The microglial cell. A historical review. Journal of the neurological sciences. 1995. doi:10.1016/0022-510x(95)00209-k. PMID: 8847546.
BibTeX
@article{barron1995-8847546,
author = {Barron, K. D.},
title = {{The microglial cell. A historical review}},
journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1016/0022-510x(95)00209-k},
pmid = {8847546},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(95)00209-k}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- They have an important role in iron metabolism and the storage of iron and ferritin.
- They may promote central nervous system regeneration.
- They are prominently involved in such pathologic processes as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases and the degenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
- With aging, they grow more numerous, become richer in iron and ferritin and exhibit phenotypic alteration, e.g., the expression of MHC class II antigens that are not ordinarily demonstrable immunohistochemically in the resting state.
- The rate of growth of our knowledge of microglia during the last decade has been exponential and continues.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of the neurological sciences) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1995 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 8847546) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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