Home › Research › Brain tissue and pathology
Systematic identification of perioperative neurocognitive disorder related biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and development of machine learning-based diagnostic models
Gu Z, Dong Y, Shang S, Liu A, Wang J, Chi X, Xie A, Li M.. Research Square, 2026-10-16
Topic: Genetics and APOE
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widely prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuropathological alterations. Accumulating evidence suggests that perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) shares several pathological characteristics with AD; however, the molecular crosstalk between these two disorders and relevant biomarkers remain largely unexplored. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing datasets from Alzheimer’s disease cohorts and systematically identified the core regulatory protein-protein interaction (PPI) network associated with AD. Utilizing a random forest machine learning algorithm, we identified 10 potential core biomarkers from this network. Through comprehensive multi-cohort validation analyses, six robust biomarkers RB1, PARK7, GLO1, ENO2, MDH2, and TUBB were ultimately confirmed. In addition, in vivo validation in the 5×FAD mouse model provided experimental support for the overall dysregulation trends of these candidate biomarkers. Based on these six conserved biomarkers, we developed a diagnostic nomogram model for molecular classification and clinical assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated significant associations between these biomarkers and conserved immune-related and metabolic pathways in AD. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis revealed correlations between identified genes and multiple immune cell subtypes, suggesting immune modulation as a critical shared mechanism. Finally, we constructed a drug-target interaction network based on these biomarkers, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of both PND and AD.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Gu, Z., Dong, Y., Shang, S., Liu, A., Wang, J., Chi, X., et al. (2026). Systematic identification of perioperative neurocognitive disorder related biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and development of machine learning-based diagnostic models. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8965858/v1
Vancouver
Gu Z, Dong Y, Shang S, Liu A, Wang J, Chi X, et al. Systematic identification of perioperative neurocognitive disorder related biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and development of machine learning-based diagnostic models. Research Square. 2026. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8965858/v1.
BibTeX
@article{gu2026-a2981bee,
author = {Gu, Z. and Dong, Y. and Shang, S. and Liu, A. and Wang, J. and Chi, X. and Xie, A. and Li, M.},
title = {{Systematic identification of perioperative neurocognitive disorder related biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and development of machine learning-based diagnostic models}},
journal = {Research Square},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-8965858/v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8965858/v1}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Accumulating evidence suggests that perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) shares several pathological characteristics with AD; however, the molecular crosstalk between these two disorders and relevant biomarkers remain largely unexplored.
- In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing datasets from Alzheimer’s disease cohorts and systematically identified the core regulatory protein-protein interaction (PPI) network associated with AD.
- In addition, in vivo validation in the 5×FAD mouse model provided experimental support for the overall dysregulation trends of these candidate biomarkers.
- Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated significant associations between these biomarkers and conserved immune-related and metabolic pathways in AD.
- Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis revealed correlations between identified genes and multiple immune cell subtypes, suggesting immune modulation as a critical shared mechanism.
Study details
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 16/100
Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed. It scored 24 on the same rubric, but non-peer-reviewed sources are capped at 16, so it shows as 16. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 15 of the 62 points we could judge it on, which is 24 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 2 / 10 | Tier 4 — not a peer-reviewed journal (Research Square) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Not a journal article, so the journal's record does not count |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 4 / 10 | Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed. Hosted on a preprint server. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 15 / 62 | Scored on 12 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 15 of the 62 points we could judge it on is 24 out of 100. |
| Total | 24 / 100 | Capped to 16 because this is not a peer-reviewed article. |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Related studies in Brain tissue and pathology
Also tagged “epigenetic”
274 studies in the library carry the topic tag “epigenetic”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 274 tagged studies.