Home › Research › Treatments
Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: protection by memantine
Nath A, Haughey NJ, Jones M, Anderson C, Bell JE, Geiger JD.. Annals of neurology, 2000-02-01
Topic: Disease mechanisms in lab and animal studies
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins Tat and gp120 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia associated with HIV infection. Recently, we showed the presence of Tat protein in brains of patients with HIV-1 encephalitis as well as macaques with encephalitis caused by a chimeric strain of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus, and that even transient exposure of cells to Tat leads to release of cytopathic cytokines. Now, we report the first demonstration of gp120 protein in brain of patients with HIV encephalitis. We tested the hypothesis that Tat and gp120 would act synergistically to potentiate each protein's neurotoxic effects and determined the extent to which pharmacological antagonists against processes implicated in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis could block HIV-1 protein-induced neurotoxicity. Subtoxic concentrations of Tat and gp120, when incubated together, caused neuronal cell death and prolonged increases in levels of intracellular calcium. A transient exposure of neurons to Tat and gp120 for seconds initiated neuronal cell death, but maximal levels of neuronal cell death were observed with exposures lasting 30 minutes. The neurotoxicity caused by Tat and gp120 applied in combination was blocked completely by memantine, partially by amiloride, and not at all by dipyridamole or vigabatrin.
Key findings
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins Tat and gp120 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia associated with HIV infection.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Treatments →
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Annals of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2000 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 10665489) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Nath, A., Haughey, N. J., Jones, M., Anderson, C., Bell, J. E., & Geiger, J. D. (2000). Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: protection by memantine. Annals of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(200002)47:2<186::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-3
Vancouver
Nath A, Haughey NJ, Jones M, Anderson C, Bell JE, Geiger JD. Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: protection by memantine. Annals of neurology. 2000. doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200002)47:2<186::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-3. PMID: 10665489.
BibTeX
@article{nath2000-10665489,
author = {Nath, A. and Haughey, N. J. and Jones, M. and Anderson, C. and Bell, J. E. and Geiger, J. D.},
title = {{Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: protection by memantine}},
journal = {Annals of neurology},
year = {2000},
doi = {10.1002/1531-8249(200002)47:2<186::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-3},
pmid = {10665489},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(200002)47:2<186::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-3}
}
Related studies in Treatments
Also tagged “acetylcholinesterase”
234 studies in the library carry the topic tag “acetylcholinesterase”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 234 tagged studies.