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Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications
Alfredo Caturano, Maria Paola Rocco, Giuseppina Tagliaferri, Alessia Piacevole, Davide Nilo, Giovanni Di Lorenzo, Ilaria Iadicicco, Mariarosaria Donnarumma et al.. Antioxidants, 2025-01-09
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A central pathophysiological mechanism linking T2DM to cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defenses. Hyperglycemia in T2DM promotes oxidative stress through various pathways, including the formation of advanced glycation end products, the activation of protein kinase C, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the polyol pathway. These processes enhance ROS generation, leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the exacerbation of cardiovascular damage. Additionally, oxidative stress disrupts nitric oxide signaling, impairing vasodilation and promoting vasoconstriction, which contributes to vascular complications. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in T2DM. It also examines the potential of lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and physical activity, in reducing oxidative stress and mitigating cardiovascular risks in this high-risk population. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.
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APA 7th
Caturano, A., Rocco, M. P., Tagliaferri, G., Piacevole, A., Nilo, D., Di Lorenzo, G., et al. (2025). Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications. Antioxidants. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14010072
Vancouver
Caturano A, Rocco MP, Tagliaferri G, Piacevole A, Nilo D, Di Lorenzo G, et al. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications. Antioxidants. 2025. doi:10.3390/antiox14010072. PMID: 39857406.
BibTeX
@article{caturano2025-39857406,
author = {Caturano, Alfredo and Rocco, Maria Paola and Tagliaferri, Giuseppina and Piacevole, Alessia and Nilo, Davide and Di Lorenzo, Giovanni and Iadicicco, Ilaria and Donnarumma, Mariarosaria and others},
title = {{Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications}},
journal = {Antioxidants},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.3390/antiox14010072},
pmid = {39857406},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14010072}
}
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Key findings
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients.
Why it matters
This review is about oxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes, and it does not address Alzheimer's disease. It describes molecular mechanisms linking hyperglycemia to cardiovascular damage and examines whether lifestyle changes such as diet and physical activity can reduce oxidative stress, with no dementia findings.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 52/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Antioxidants) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Antioxidants: journal h-index 208 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 135 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 45.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 6 / 6 | Cited 74.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 135 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Ferdinando Carlo Sasso: h-index 69 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Temple University: institution h-index 742 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39857406) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 52 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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